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1 KVEÐJA
I)(kveð, kvaddi, kvaddr), v.1) to call on, summon (Þórvaldr kvaddi húskarla sína);kveðja e-n e-s, to request (demand) of one;kveðja matar, svefns, to call for food, sleep;kveðja sér hljóðs, to call for a hearing;kveðja þings, to convoke a meeting;kveðja e-n e-s, to call on, summon, one to do something (vóru vér kvaddir at bera vitni þat);2) to welcome, greet (þeir kvöddu konung);of one departing, to bid farewell, take leave of (hann gengr nú í brott ok kveðr engan mann);refl., kveðjast, to greet one another (þeir kvöddust vel);3) with preps.:kveðja e-n at e-u, to call on a person to do a thing, call his attention to (þik kveð ek at þessu);kveðja e-n frá e-u, to exclude from, deprive of (ek hefi opt menn frá æfi kvadda, er eigi vildu hlýða mínum boðum);kveðja e-n til e-s, to call on one for a thing (kveðja menn til ferðar);kveðja e-n upp, to call on one to rise (síðan vaknaði Haraldr ok kvaddi upp menn sína); to summon to arms;síðan safnaði hann liði ok kveðr upp almenning, after that he gathered men and roused the whole country;kveðja e-n út, to call one out of the house (hann kvaddi út Höskuld ok Hrút).f. welcome, greeting, salutation (konungr tók kveðju hans).* * *pres. kveð; pret. kvaddi; imperat. kveð, kveðþú, kveþþu, Hm. 127 (Bugge); part. kvaddr: with neg. suff., pres. indic. kveð-ka, Ls. 10: [see kveða]:—to call on, address, request, summon; Þorvaldr kvaddi húskarla sína, Nj. 18, Eb. 314: with gen. of the thing, acc. of the person, k. e-n e-s, ok er þess mest ván at ek kveðja þik þess eigi optar, Fms. iv. 38; k. dura, to call at the door, Skálda 163, Fms. ii. 194, vi. 21; k. matar, svefns, to call for food, sleep, Bs. i. 366; k. sér hljóðs, to call for a hearing, Nj. 105, Ísl. ii. 255, Rekst. 1; k. e-n at óði, to call one to listen to one’s song, Jd. 1, Leiðarv. 2.2. with prepp.; k. e-n at e-u, to call on a person to do a thing, call his attention to; þik kveð ek at þessu, Nj. 150; hann vildi, jafnan at Ólafr væri at kvaddr öllum stórmælum, Ld. 94; kvaddi hann at því Gregorium Dagsson, Fms. vii. 256; kvaddi hann þar at Erling Skakka, 257; Björn kveð ek at þessu, Ld. 14:—k. e-n brott af, frá, to call on one to go; eigi hefir ek yðr … brott kvatt af mínum garði, Fas. i. 71:—k. e-n frá, Nj. 170; ek hefi menn optlega kvadda frá erfðum, Fms. i. 305:—k. e-n til e-s, to call on one for a thing; kveð ek hann til farar með þér, … hann skaltú k. til föruneytis með þér … ekki skaltú hann k. til þessar ferðar, Ísl. ii. 322, 323; þá skaltú k. menn til ferðar með þér, Nj. 14:—k. upp, to call up; k. upp alla þá menn er mikils eru virðir, Fms. xi. 120; samnaði liði ok kvaddi upp almenning, Nj. 107, Fms. vi. 179:—hann kvaddi út Höskuld ok Rút, Nj. 21:—with dat., eigi kann ek þat at mínu ráði sjá, at kveðja í burtu mönnum Þorgils, ok förunautum, Sturl. i. 22.II. in law, a general term, to request, demand, summon, call on one to perform any legal duty, as also to challenge, appeal to, and the like, according to the context; svá skal mann kveðja, nemna mann þann á nafn, ok kveði hann gripar þess er hann á at honum, ok nemni gripinn, ok kveði hann laga kvöð ok lyritar, N. G. L. i. 218, 219; kvaddi hann svá at vér heyrðum á, kvaddi hann um handselt mál Þorgeirs, Nj. 238; gögn þau öll er áðr var til kvatt, Grág. i. 106; kveð ek yðr lögkvöð, Nj. 218; berum vér svá skapaðan kvið fram, sem Mörðr kvaddi oss, 238; þeir kvöddu fjóra búa ór kviðinum, they challenged four neighbours, 110; kveð ek yðr svá at þér heyrit á sjálfir, 218; stefna, ok kveðja til tólptar-kviðar, Grág. i. 213, 214;—kveðja búa heiman, to summon neighbours ( jurors) at their home (heiman-kvöð), a law phrase, opp. to kveðja búa á þingi, to summon them in parliament (þinga-kvöð), passim in Grág. and the Sagas, see kvöð; hann kvaddi búa til máls, Nj. 36; þú kvaddir Keisarann til þíns máls, they appealed to Caesar, Post.; kveð ek yðr um handselt mál N. M., Nj. 218.2. with gen. of the thing, to call, summon; kveðja þings, to convoke a meeting, Fms. i. 149, vi. 12 (acc., Fb. i. 565, wrongly); k. móts, Fms. vii. 60; k. tólptar-kviðar, Grág. i. 34; k. laga, D. N.; k. féránsdóms, 81; k. fjár, 402, N. G. L. i. 23; k. sér griða, Bs. i. 544:—k. e-n e-s, to summon, call on a person to perform a duty; k. goða tólptar-kviðar, Grág. i. 105; k. búa bjargkviðar, Nj. 110; kveð ek yðr þeirra orða allra er yðr skylda lög til um at bera, 218, 238; vóru vér kvaddir at bera vitni þat, 238.III. to welcome, greet; þeir kvöddu konung. Am. 6, Eg. 28, Nj. 3; hann var svá kátr at hvert barn kvaddi hann hlæjandi, Fms. vii. 172; kyssa ok kveðja, Hkv. 13: of one departing, hann gengr nú í brott ok kveðr engan mann, Band. 4 new Ed.2. recipr. to greet one another; þeir kvöddusk vel, Ísl. ii. 355, passim, see heilsa and the remarks there made: k. e-n heipta, to lay imprecations on one, Hm. 152, cp. 138. -
2 kveðja
I)(kveð, kvaddi, kvaddr), v.1) to call on, summon (Þórvaldr kvaddi húskarla sína);kveðja e-n e-s, to request (demand) of one;kveðja matar, svefns, to call for food, sleep;kveðja sér hljóðs, to call for a hearing;kveðja þings, to convoke a meeting;kveðja e-n e-s, to call on, summon, one to do something (vóru vér kvaddir at bera vitni þat);2) to welcome, greet (þeir kvöddu konung);of one departing, to bid farewell, take leave of (hann gengr nú í brott ok kveðr engan mann);refl., kveðjast, to greet one another (þeir kvöddust vel);3) with preps.:kveðja e-n at e-u, to call on a person to do a thing, call his attention to (þik kveð ek at þessu);kveðja e-n frá e-u, to exclude from, deprive of (ek hefi opt menn frá æfi kvadda, er eigi vildu hlýða mínum boðum);kveðja e-n til e-s, to call on one for a thing (kveðja menn til ferðar);kveðja e-n upp, to call on one to rise (síðan vaknaði Haraldr ok kvaddi upp menn sína); to summon to arms;síðan safnaði hann liði ok kveðr upp almenning, after that he gathered men and roused the whole country;kveðja e-n út, to call one out of the house (hann kvaddi út Höskuld ok Hrút).f. welcome, greeting, salutation (konungr tók kveðju hans).* * *u, f. a welcome, greeting; konungr tók kveðju hans, Eg. 63, passim, Matth. i. 29: also of one absent, hann sagði þeim kveðju Gunnhildar, Nj. 5; bar hann konungi kveðju Þórólfs, Eg. 53; þeir skyldu segja konungi kveðju hans, Fms. x. 290; kveðju-sending, sending one’s greeting, compliments, vi. 92, vii. 103, Sturl. ii. 149: salutation, in the formula at the beginning of a letter, Ingi konungr sendir kveðju Sigurði konungi, Fms. vii. 220; N. M. sendir N. M. kveðju Guðs ok sína, D. I. passim:—in mod. usage the address on a letter is called kveðju. -
3 SKORA
* * *(að), v.1) to chafe, rub, gall (jarnin skoruðu mjök at beini);2) to make a score or incision in (sumir ganga at með boløxar ok skora fœti á filunum); s. e-t sundr, to cut asunder;3) to challenge; s. e-m (or e-n) á hólm (til hólmgöngu, til hólms, til einvígis), to challenge to a duel;4) s. á e-n, to call upon, request strongly (þeir skoruðu á hann fast); s. á e-n til e-s, to call upon one for a thing (s. á. e-n til liðveizlu, fulltings); s. á e-n til hólmgöngu, to challenge one to fight;5) to urge insist upon (fast skorar þú þat); s. e-t mál við e-n, to broach a matter to one (konungr skorar þá þetta mál við hana sjálfa);6) s. e-t í, to stipulate (Þ. skoraði þat í, at);7) to score, count by tallies (hann lét þá s. liðit).* * *að, (but skorðu, Gs. 14), [Engl. to score], to make a score, incision; járnin skoruðu mjök at beini, Fms. xi. 288; af annan fótinn en skoraði mjök annan, Sturl. ii. 158; þar skorðu vit ( we scored) blóð ór benjum, Gs. 14; þeir skora sundr vegginn með bolöxum, Al. 148; skora sundr í miðju, Fas. iii. 343; þeir skoruðu af spjótskapti ( scored a piece off) ok görðu þar af hæl, Slurl. ii. 181; þeir skora fætr á fílunum þar til er þeir falla, Al. 143.II. skora e-m hólm, prop. to ‘score’ or mark out a field for battle, hence to challenge to single combat, (rísta reit, to scratch the limits of a batile-fdd, see Korm. S.); skora á e-n, to challenge; s. á e-n til hólmgöngu, Dropl. 36, Fs. 137; hann skoraði á Þorfinn til landa, Landn. 80; skora á mann til e-s hlutar, Eg. 494: also, skora e-m á hólm or hólmgöngu, to challenge to fight, Nj. 15, 36, Gísl. 78: skora e-n (acc.) á hólm, Grett. 40 new Ed., is less correct.2. to call on, summon; hann skorar á Þorgerði, Fms. xi. 134; at þú skorir á hann, at hann rétti þitt mál, Dropl. 20: to urge, fast skorar þú þat, Ld. 334; konungr skorar þetta mál við hana sjálfa, Fms. xi. 4; skaltú s. við hann fast, 113; skorar konungr til við Hákon, hvárt …, 20; þótt þessir hlutir skoraði samvizkur manna á fornum landskap, Bs. i. 733; þat skorar Búi í sættina, at …, Fms. xi. 86; einn er hlutr skoraðr til þess, 30; skoraði því Biskup þessa hluti, Bs. i. 736; Þorvaldr skoraði þat í mót.III. to score, count by tallies; en er skorat var lið vóru nær þrettán hundruð, Fms. vii. 295; hann lét þá s. liðit, Orkn. 416, ix. 382 (v. l.); þá lét hann menn ganga undir stöng ( he made the men pass under a pole), var lið skorat, Fms. viii. 320; skoraðir vóru sex tigir hundraða, 311; var þá skorat nær fjórir tigir hundraða manna, vii. 275; þá, var skorat tuttugu hundrað manna, 324; var skorat á hana ( her, the ship) tvau hundruð manna ok átta tigir, viii. 198; þar vóru fyrst til skoraðir ( mustered out) hirðmenn, Hkr. i. 310; skolu bændr skora görðir á hendr honum, to impose a levy on them. N. G. L. i. 200; var áðr skorat at hverjum Þórðr vildi ganga, Sturl. iii. 27.IV. reflex., skorask undan, to refuse, decline a challenge, Bárð. 179. -
4 skora
* * *(að), v.1) to chafe, rub, gall (jarnin skoruðu mjök at beini);2) to make a score or incision in (sumir ganga at með boløxar ok skora fœti á filunum); s. e-t sundr, to cut asunder;3) to challenge; s. e-m (or e-n) á hólm (til hólmgöngu, til hólms, til einvígis), to challenge to a duel;4) s. á e-n, to call upon, request strongly (þeir skoruðu á hann fast); s. á e-n til e-s, to call upon one for a thing (s. á. e-n til liðveizlu, fulltings); s. á e-n til hólmgöngu, to challenge one to fight;5) to urge insist upon (fast skorar þú þat); s. e-t mál við e-n, to broach a matter to one (konungr skorar þá þetta mál við hana sjálfa);6) s. e-t í, to stipulate (Þ. skoraði þat í, at);7) to score, count by tallies (hann lét þá s. liðit).* * *u, f. a score, notch, incision, passim in mod. usage. skoru-kefli, n. a ‘score-stick,’ tally (used in keeping accounts); þó skal búandi hverr augljós nef hafa á bryggju-sporði á skorukefli fyrir ármann, each franklin (in paying his levy) is to shew his tally to the king’s steward, N. G. L. i. 200. -
5 HEITA
I)(heit; hét, hétum; heitinn), v.Grímni mik hétu, they called me G.;heitinn eptir e-m, called (named) after one;2) to call on one;heita e-n á brott, to call on one to be gone, bid one go (heitit mik héðan);heita á e-n, to exhort one (in battle);to invoke (heita á hinn heilaga Ólaf);heita á e-n til e-s, to invoke (appeal to) one for a thing (hann hét á Þór til fulltings);3) intrans., the pres. ‘heiti’ (not ‘heit’), to be hight, be called;Óðinn ek, nú heiti, now I am called Odin;Ólafr heiti ek, my name is O.;Úlfr hét maðr, there was a man, whose name was U.;bœr heitir á Bakka (at búrfelli), there is a farm called B.;heita (to be reckoned) frjáls maðr, hvers manns níðingr;4) with dat. to promise (heita e-m e-u);mantu, hverju þú hézt mér, do you remember what you promised me?heita e-m hörðu, to threaten one;Bárði var heitit meyjunni, the maid was promised to B.;5) refl., heitast, to vow, plight one’s faith (þeir hétust reka Hákon ór landi);heitast e-m, to vow one’s person to one (heitast hinum heilaga Ólafi konungi);(heitta, heittr), v.1) to heat (heita spjót í eldi);2) to brew (heita mungát, heita öl).f. brewing (cf. ölheita).* * *pres. heit, heitr, and in A. II. heiti, heitir (bisyllabic), in mod. usage heiti through all significations; pret. hét, hétu, 2nd pers. hézt; part. heitinn.A. [Ulf. haitan = καλειν; A. S. hâtan; Old Engl. hight, pret. hot; O. H. G. haizan; Germ. heissen; Swed. heta; Dan. hede]:I. trans. with acc. to call, give name to; hve þik hétu hjú? Fsm. 47; Urð hétu eina, Vsp. 20; Heiði hana hétu, 25; Grímni mik hétu, Gm. 49; hve þik heitir halr, Hkv. Hjörv. 14; Hnikar hétu mik, Skv. 2. 18; hétu Þræl, Rm. 8; hétu Erna (Ernu?), 36: the naming of infants was in the heathen age accompanied by a kind of baptism (ausa vatni), vide ausa, p. 35.2. metaph. to call on one; in the phrase, heita e-n á brott, to turn one out, call on one to be gone; þá er maðr á brott heitinn ef honum er eigi deildr matr at málum, Grág. i. 149; Vermundr hét hann á brott ok kvað hann eigi þar lengr vera skyldu, Sturl. ii. 230; so also, ef bóndi heitr griðmann sinn af vist foráttalaust, Grág. i. 157; eða heitið mik héðan, Ls. 7; ek var heitinn út ( turned out) fjórum sinnum, Sighvat:—with prep., heita á e-n, to call upon one (for help); hón hét á konur at skilja þá, Landn. 49: to exhort one (in battle), hét á Hólmrygi, Hkm. 2; Úlfr hét á oss, Hkr. iii. (in a verse); Gísli spratt upp skjótt ok heitr á menn sína, at skýli, Gísl. 22: to invoke one (a god, saint), hann trúði á Krist, en hét á Þór til sjófara ok harðræða, Landn. 206; hann heitr nú á fulltrúa sína Þorgerði ok Irpu, Fb. i. 213; ef ek heit á guð minn, Mar.; á Guð skal heita til góðra hluta, Sól. 4.3. part. pass. hight, called; sú gjöf var heitin gulli betri, Ad. 9; löskr mun hann æ heitinn, Am. 57, Fms. vi. 39 (in a verse); sá maðr mun eigi ílla heitinn ( will not get a bad report) í atferð sinni, Sks. 55 new Ed.β. heitinn, the late, of one dead; eptir Odd heitinn föður sinn, Dipl. iv. 13; Salgerðr h., the late S., Vm. 37: very freq. in mod. usage, hann Jón heitinn, hún Guðrún heitin, etc.II. absol. or intrans., in which case pres. bisyllabic heiti (not heit), to be hight, be called, as in Goth. the pass. of haitan; Andvari ek heiti, A. am í hight, Skv. 2. 2; Ólafr heiti ek, Fms. x. 226; ek heiti Ari, Íb. (fine); Jósu vatni, Jarl létu heita, Rm. 31; Óðinn ek nú heiti, Yggr ek áðan hét, Gm. 54; Gangráðr ek heiti, Vþm. 8; Ask veit ek standa, heitir Yggdrasill, Vsp. 19: esp. freq. in an hist. style in introducing a person for the first time, Mörðr hét maðr, hann átti dóttur eina er Unnr hét, móðir hennar hét Þorgerðr, Rútr hét bróðir hans, Nj. 1, 2; þau áttu eptir dóttur er Þuríðr hét, hinn elzti son Bjarnar hét Grímkell, Ísl. ii. 4; Oddr hét maðr, son Önundar breiðskeggs, hann átti þá konu er Jórunn hét; annarr son þeirra hét Þóroddr en annarr Þorvaldr, Þuriðr hét dóttir Odds en önnur Jófriðr, 121, 122; Þorsteinn hét maðr, hann var Egilsson, en Ásgerðr hét móðir Þorsteins, 189; þau gátu son, ok var vatni ausinn ok hét Þórólfr, 146, etc.; and in endless instances answering to Engl. there was a man, and his name was ( he was hight) so and so. The ancients said, hve (or hversu) heitir þú, ‘how’ art thou named? Germ. wie heisst du? thus, hve þú heitir? hve þik kalla konir? answer, Atli ek heiti, and hve þú heitir, hála nágráðug? Hrímgerðr ek heiti, Hkv. Hjörv. 14–17; hve sú jörð heitir, hve sá himinn heitir, hversu máni heitir, hve sjá sól heitir, etc., Alm. 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, Vþm. 11, 13, 15, 17; the northern Icelanders still say, hvers’ (i. e. hversu) heitir maðrinn, sælir verið þér, hvörs’ heitir maðrinn? answer, Hrólfr heitir hann, Asgrímsson að norðan, Sig. Pétr. in Hrólfr (a play), p. 4: in mod. usage, hvat ( what) heitir þú? hvað heitir þú? Eg heiti Jón, Stef. Ól.: the same phrase occurs now and then in old writers, hvat heitir bær sjá? Ld. 234; hvat heitir hón? Helga heitir hón, Ísl. ii. 201 (Cod. Holm. hvart = hversu?): as also in the poem Fsm. (but only preserved in paper MSS.) 9, 11, 13, 19, 23, 31, 35, 37; but hve, 46, 47.β. of places, often with dat. and prep. of the place; á þeim bæ er á Brjámslæk heitir, Bs. i. 379; land pat er í Hvammi heitir, Gísl. 121; bær hans hét á Stokkum, Fb. iii. 324; á þeim bæ er at Hóli heitir, Hrafn. 5; ok því heitir þat síðan í Geitdal, 3; bær heitir á Bakka, á Meðalhúsum, at Búrfelli, á Auðúlfsstöðum, at Svínavatni, í Vestrhópi, í Sléttadal, Ísl. ii. 322–325.2. to be called, reckoned so and so; þá heitir hón sönn at sök, then she stands convicted, N. G. L. i. 351; þú skalt frá þessum degi frjáls maðr heita, Ld. 50; heit hvers manns níðingr ella, Nj. 176; heldr en h. kotkarl, eigi er þat nafn fyrir-lítanda, at heita húskarlar konungs, Sks. 270; sá er vill heitinn horskr, Hm. 61.3. reflex., hétomc, to name oneself or to be called; hétomc Grímnir, hétomc Gangleri, einu nafni hétomc aldregi, hétomc Þundr fyrir þat, Gm. 46, 48, 54.B. With dat., [cp. Goth. fauraga heitan; A. S. hâtan, pret. het; Germ. verheissen]:—to promise, with dat. both of the person and thing, or the thing in infin., or absol.; heita hörðu, to threaten, Am. 78; h. góðu, Sól.; h. bölvi, Hdl. 49; afarkostum, Fms. i. 75; hann heitr þeim þar í mót fornum lögum, Ó. H. 35; engu heit ek um þat, 167; mantú nokkut hverju þú hézt mér í fyrra, Anal. 190; at lítið mark sé at, hverju þú heitr, Fms. vii. 120; fyrir þau hin fögru fyrirheit er þú hézt þeim manni, er bana-maðr hans yrði—þat skal ek efna sem ek hét þar um, i. 217; kom Þorsteinn þar, sem hann hafði heitið, as he had promised, 72; þú munt göra okkr slíka sæmd sem þú hefir heitið, Nj. 5; Njáll hét at fara, 49.II. to make a vow, the vow in dat., the god or person invoked with prep. and acc. (h. á e-n), cp. A. above; þat sýndisk mönnum ráð á samkomunni, at h. til verðr-bata, en um þat urðu menn varla ásáttir hverju heita skyldi, vill Ljótr því láta h. at gefa til hofs, en bera út börn en drepa gamal-menni, Rd. 248; þá heitr Ingimundr prestr at bóka-kista hans skyldi á land koma ok bækr, Bs. i. 424; ok skyldu menn taka at heita, þeir hétu at gefa …, 483; hét Haraldr því til sigrs sér, at hann skyldi taka skírn, Fms. i. 107; eptir þat hét hón miklum fégjöfum á hinn helga Jón biskup, Bs. i. 201 and passim, esp. in the Miracle-books.III. reflex. and pass. to plight oneself, be betrothed; þá sá hón þat at ráði ok með henni vinir hennar at heitask Þórólfi, Eg. 36; þeim hétumk þá þjóðkonungi, Skv. 3. 36: to betroth, varkat ek heima þá er (hón) þér heitin var, when she (the bride) was given to thee, Alm. 4; kom svá, at Bárði var heitið meyjunni, that the maid was betrothed to B., Eg. 26.2. to vow, plight one’s faith; þeir hétusk reka Hákon ór landi, Jd.: to vow one’s person to one, at hann heitisk hinum heilaga Ólafi konungi, Hkr. iii. 288: to bind oneself, þá menn er honum höfðu heitisk til föruneytis, Fms. vii. 204. -
6 LEITA
* * *(að), v.1) to seek, search, with gen. (heraðsmenn leituðu hennar ok fundu hana eigi);leita e-m e-s, to seek (try to get) a thing for one (leita e-m kvánfangs);leita sér lífs, to seek to save one’s life;2) to seek for help (vil ek, at þú leitir aldri annarra en mín, ef þú þarft nökkurs við);leita ráða, to seek for advice;ef yðar er illa leitat, if you are challenged;4) to try to go, proceed on a journey;leita braut ór landi, to go abroad;leita á fund e-s, to visit a person;5) to seek, try, with infin. (þá leitaði Kálfr at flytja brœðr sína ofan til skips);6) with preps.:leita at e-m, to seek for a person, = leita e-s (var þá leitat at lækninum);leita at um e-t = leita eptir um e-t;leita á e-n, to attack or assail one, to blame or reprehend one;leita á, to try, make an attempt to get a thing (hvar skulu vit á leita?);leita á um kvánfang, to look for a wife;leita eptir e-u, to seek for;leita eptir máli, to follow a case, take it up;leita eptir um e-t, to inquire into;leita eptir við e-n, to inquire of a person;leita fyrir sér, to save oneself by flight (leggjum á flótta, verðr nú hverr at leita fyrir sér);leita e-s í, to try, make an attempt (var þá margs í leitat);leita til e-s, to seek for, = leita e-s (aldri leitaði hann til griða né undankomu);leita um e-t = leita at um e-t, to examine (var þá leitat um sár manna);to try to get or effect (leita um sættir);leita e-s við e-n, to apply to one for a thing (leita ráða við e-n);leita við e-t, to try;leita við för, to try to get away;leita við at gøra e-t, to try to do a thing (hann vildi við leita at mæla);7) refl., leitast um, to make a search, examine (leituðust þeir þá um ok fundu hurð í gólfinu).* * *að, prop. a causal from líta, [Ulf. wlaiton = περιβλέπεσθαι; North. E. to lait; Dan. lede]:—to seek, search, with gen. leita e-s, or with prep. leita at e-u, or absol., héraðsmenn leituðu hennar ok fundu hana eigi, Nj. 14; leita lands, Fms. ii. 214; Hængr sigldi í haf ok leitaði Íslands, Eg. 99, Landn. 27, 32, Fms. i. 27, 71; leita e-m kvánfangs, Eg. 22, passim: metaph., ef yðar er ílla leitað, if you are challenged, rudely treated, Nj. 139; þótt hans væri eigi vel leitað, Fb. ii. 73:—hón leitaði í eina hirzlu, Fms. iv. 37; leituðu þeir um skóginn allan, i. 72; Njáll leitaði Höskuldi um manna-forráð, Nj. 149: leita at e-m, to seek for, Fms. ix. 218; ok leiti þér at honum Höskuldi, Nj. 171, passim in mod. usage: leita eptir e-m, id., Fms. i. 69: the phrase, leita sér staðar, to go on one’s business, cacare, Hm. 113, Fær. 197.II. metaph. to seek for help; vil ek at þú leitir aldri annarra en mín ef þú þarft nokkurs við, Nj. 74; leita sér heilla, Landn. 33; leita lækninga, to seek for healing, to call in a physician, Johan. 26; leita ráða, to seek for advice, Nj. 75.2. to enquire, examine, Sks. 638, Hom. 65.3. with prepp.; leita á e-n, to offend in word or deed, be aggressive, Nj. 16, Ó. H. 222, (á-leitinn); leita á við e-n, to contest, call in question, Grág. i. 36; leita á um e-t, to try, attempt; hvar skulu vér á leita? Nj. 3; en þat ræð ek, at þú leitir eigi optarr á hreysti mína, that thou dost not again question my valour, Orkn. 402: leita eptir e-u, to ‘lait after,’ seek for, passim; leita eptir máli, to follow a case, take it up, Nj. 75; leita eptir við e-n, to entreat a person, Fbr. 117; leita eptir um e-t, to enquire into, Eg. 536: leita upp, to seek out, Germ. anfsuchen, Fms. x. 71:—leita við, to try, endeavour, Nj. 21, Sturl. i. 17, Rb. 382, Eg. 606, Jb. 382; leita við för, to try to get away, Grág. i. 91: leita til e-s, to try for, Fb. ii. 309.III. in a local sense, to try to go, make ready to go, proceed on a journey; ef Eirekr konungr leitaði vestan um haf með her sinn, Fms. i. 26; hann kvaðsk aptr mundu leita til vina sinnu, ii. 214; ef hann leitaði aptr í land, v. 32; leita braut ór landi, to go abroad, Ó. H. 130; leita á fund e-s, to visit a person, Eg.; haltú vörð á, ef hann leitar ( tries to escape) út um munninn, Fms. vi. 351: leita undan, to go back, fly, Stj. 479.IV. reflex. to seek; leitask um, to explore; þá leituðusk þeir um hvar líkast var út at komask, Eg. 233; leituðusk þeir þá um ok fundu hurð í gólfinu, 234, Stj. 479: leitask fyrir, id., H. E. i. 245, Sks. 706: leitast við, to attempt, mod. = leita við. The reflexive is more freq. in mod. than in old usage. -
7 stefna
* * *I)(-da, -dr), v.1) to go in a certain direction, esp. of sailing (s. inn fjörðinn, út ór firðinum); þat (viz. dýrit) stefndi til Hrútsstaða, it made for H.;2) to aim at (höggit stefndi á fótlegginn); e-m verðr nær stefnt, one has a narrow escape; betr fór en til var stefnt, better than it was begun, of luck better than foresight; with dat., s. sér til ørkumla, to expose oneself to;3) to give notice to one, summon one; s. e-m um e-t, to summon one for a thing; ek skal þér Mörðr vera ok s. þér af konunni, and summon thee to give up thy wife;4) to cite; s. sök, máli, to bring a case (suit) into court;5) to call, summon (s. e-m til tals við sik, á sinn fund); s. at sér liði, to summon troops; s. e-m saman, to call together (s. saman öllum lýð);6) with acc. to call together, fix, appoint (þeir stefndu þar þing, en bœndr vildu eigi til koma).f.1) direction, course; halttu fram stefnunni, keep on in the same direction;2) appointed meeting (N. konungr kom fyrr miklu til stefnunnar ok beið þar lengi);3) the appointed time for meeting (er s. sú var liðin, er á kveðin var, þá etc.);4) summons; þriggja nátta s., a summons with three days’ notice; Otkell lætr þegar dynja stefnuna, O. immediately thundered out the summons.* * *1.and stemna, d, [stafn, stamn], to ‘point with the stem’ to stand in a certain direction, (esp. of sailing, from which the metaphor is taken); s. inn fjörðinn, Landn. 56, Eg. 128: s. út ór firði. to stand out of the firth, Ó. H. 37; s. út á haf, Fms. i. 26; þeir stefndu inn í Víkina, 60; s. á land upp, vii. 202; s. til bæjarins, Eg. 230; þat stefndi til Rúts-staða, Nj. 35:—to aim at, höggit stefndi á fótlegginn, the blow aimed at the leg, Fms. vii. 325; sendi ör af lásboga, þó óafvitandi á hvern hann stefndi, Stj. 604: phrases, e-m verðr nær stefnt, to escape narrowly, Fms. viii. 328; betr enn til var stefnt, better than it was begun, of luck better than foresight, ix. 414; stefna sér til örkumla, to court, expose oneself to, Bjarn. 56.II. a law term, to give notice to one, summon him, the person in dat., Grág., N. G. L., Nj.; s. manni í dóm, til alþingis, etc., passim; s. e-m um e-t, Grág. i. 107; s. um sök, 21: with a double dat., s. manni þeirri sök er tólftar-kviðr fylgir, to summon a person in such a case, 20; ek skal þér Mörðr vera ok stefna þér af konunni, Nj. 15.2. to cite, of a case; stefna sök, to call a case into court, Grág. i. 36; s. máli, Nj. 33; s. dómi til rofs, Grág. ii. 101; s. til alþingis, i. 106; s. í hvárt þing sem vill, 162: the word is used in countless instances in Grág., Nj., and the Sagas: to recite the summons, hann stefndi fyrir málinu, en hann mælti eptir ok stefndi rangt, Nj. 35.3. to call together, with acc., of a meeting; s. þing, to call a meeting, Fb. ii. 38, Ld. 2, Hkr. iii. 26, Fær. 119, Eg. 338:—s. saman, to call together; stefna saman þegn ok þræl, Stj. 611; s. saman öllum lýð, 541; s. at sér liði, to summon the troops, Eg. 270; s. til sín, 26, 32, 269; s. at sér mönnum, to gather men, Nj. 104; stemna stemnu, to summon formally, Grág. i. 108; s. veizlu, to bid people to a feast, Fms. xi. 45; þessi ætlan er nú er stefnd, Hkr. iii. 384.2.or stemna, u, f. a direction, Hkr. i. 158:—an appointed meeting.II. a law term, a summons, citation; eiga stefnu við e-n, Eg. 271; koma fyrr til stefnu, Fms. vii. 151.2. the term = stef; þriggja nátta stefna, Fms. viii. 200; mánaðar-s., at liðinni þeirri stefnu, Grág. i. 378; er at þeirri stefnu kom, Eg. 30; er sú s. var liðin, 277; tólt mánaða stemna, N. G. L. i. 43; selja jörð ór stemnu, to sell an estate held by lease, Gþl. 309: the saying, allr dagr til stefnu, all the day for a citation, a summons being lawful if served before nightfall, Jb.; hence metaph., það er allr dagr til stefnu, i. e. plenty of time or leisure, of a thing which is not pressing.COMPDS: stefnuboð, stefnudagr, stefnudægr, stefnufall, stefnufundr, stefnuför, stefnugörð, stefnujörð, stefnulag, stefnuleiðangr, stefnulið, stefnulýðr, stefnumaðr, stefnumorginn, stefnurof, stefnustaðr, stefnustofa, stefnusök, stefnutal, stefnutími, stefnuvargr, stefnuváttr, stefnuvitni. -
8 heita
I)(heit; hét, hétum; heitinn), v.Grímni mik hétu, they called me G.;heitinn eptir e-m, called (named) after one;2) to call on one;heita e-n á brott, to call on one to be gone, bid one go (heitit mik héðan);heita á e-n, to exhort one (in battle);to invoke (heita á hinn heilaga Ólaf);heita á e-n til e-s, to invoke (appeal to) one for a thing (hann hét á Þór til fulltings);3) intrans., the pres. ‘heiti’ (not ‘heit’), to be hight, be called;Óðinn ek, nú heiti, now I am called Odin;Ólafr heiti ek, my name is O.;Úlfr hét maðr, there was a man, whose name was U.;bœr heitir á Bakka (at búrfelli), there is a farm called B.;heita (to be reckoned) frjáls maðr, hvers manns níðingr;4) with dat. to promise (heita e-m e-u);mantu, hverju þú hézt mér, do you remember what you promised me?heita e-m hörðu, to threaten one;Bárði var heitit meyjunni, the maid was promised to B.;5) refl., heitast, to vow, plight one’s faith (þeir hétust reka Hákon ór landi);heitast e-m, to vow one’s person to one (heitast hinum heilaga Ólafi konungi);(heitta, heittr), v.1) to heat (heita spjót í eldi);2) to brew (heita mungát, heita öl).f. brewing (cf. ölheita).* * *1.tt, [heitr], to heat; hón heitti steinana, Lv. 70; hann lét taka sement ok heita í katli, Fms. vi. 153; h. spjót í eldi, Fas. ii. 29; sólin heitir hafit, Rb. 444.,2. to brew; heita mungát, Bs. i. 339, 340, K. Þ. K. 100, Finnb. 294, Eg. 88; heita öl, 148, Hkv. 3; heita til Jólanna, to brew for Yule, Orkn. 112;—the ancients used to drink fresh-brewed ale.2.u, f. brewing, N. G. L. ii. 249, iii. 197; öl-heita, ale-brewing, Landn. 215.COMPDS: heitugagn, heituhús, heitukerald, heituketill, heitukona, heitumaðr, heituviðr. -
9 sœkja
(sœki, sótta, sóttr), v.1) to seek (hann ætlar at s. sér kirkjuvið ok siglir þegar á haf); þangat sœkir þik engi, no one will seek thee thither; s. heilræði ok traust at e-m, to seek good counsel and help from one; s. um liðveizlu við e-n, to call on one for support;2) to go to fetch (B. átti erendi yfir fjörð at s. skjöldu sína ok vápn); s. e-t í e-n stað or til e-s staðar, to go to a place to fetch a thing (s. grös upp í hlíð, vatn til lœkjar);3) to visit, come to (enn aldna jötun ek sótta); s. e-n heim, to come to see one, visit one in his home; s. þing, to attend or frequent á þing; s. e-n at liðveizlu, um liðveizlu, to call on one for support;4) to attack, assail (s. e-n með vápnum; þessir munu s. oss með eldi); s. e-n heim, to fall upon one in his house (Gunnar sóttu heim þeir höfðingjar, er …);5) to catch, overtake (nú fiðr hann geldingaflokk ok fær eigi sótt);6) to overcome, master (munu þeir mik aldri fá sótt, meðan ek kem boganum við); to carry, take (eigi mun eyin sótt verða);7) to pursue; þeir sækja ferðina knáliga, they push on doughtily; s. fast róðrinn (sundit), to pull (swim) hard;8) to prosecute, in a lawsuit (s. e-n sökum, s. e-n til fullra laga); sótti K. til lands at Móeiðarhváli, K. laid claim to the land at M.; s. sök, mál, to carry on a suit; skalt þú s. þær sakir báðar, both these suits thou shall take up; s. mál til laga, to follow up a suit at law;9) to pass over (býðr þeim at s. fjallit norðr í bygð); var áin all-ill at s., the river was very bad to cross;10) absol. to proceed, go, advance (þeir stíga af hestunum ok sœkja upp á hólinn); er hann sótti langt austr, when he had advanced far eastward; s. á fund e-s, to go to see one; s. at, s. á, to attack (s. á borg); to urge the matter, insist (Þ. sótti á því meirr, en G. fór undan); s. eptir e-m, to pursue (Egill sótti þá eptir þeim); s. fram, to advance, go forward, in battle (E. sótti þá fram ok hjó til beggja handa); s. til e-s staðar, to frequent a place (til Túnsbergs sóttu mjök kaupmenn);11) refl., sœkjast, to advance, of a work in hand (en er á leið vetrinn, sóttist mjök borgargørðin); to be passed, of a road or distance; nú er meir en hálf-sótt, more than half-way; sóttist þeim seint skip þeira Hrúts, they were slow in boarding Hrut’s ship; þeir ætla, at þeim muni illa s. at vinna oss, they think it will be a hard struggle to master us; recipr., to seek one another sœkjast sér um líkir, birds of a feather flock together; to attack one another, fight (þeir nafnar sóttust lengi). -
10 ἐπιμέμφομαι
A cast blame upon, c.dat. pers.,ἦ τι κασιγνήτοις ἐπιμέμφεαι Od.16.97
, etc.: c.gen. rei, find fault for or because of a thing, complain of it, εὐχωλῆς ἐπιμέμφεται complains of a vow [neglected], Il.1.65, cf. 2.225;ἕνεκ' ἀρητῆρος 1.94
; ἐ. τινί τινος blame one for a thing, Luc.DMort.27.2; rarelyἐ. τινά τινος, ὧν ἐπιμεμφομένα σε S. Tr. 122
(lyr.): c. acc., blame, ;γηραλέην χεῖρα AP6.83
(Maced.); find fault, complain, μηδὲν ἐ. Hdt.1.116, etc.; ἐ.ὅτι.. Hp.
Aër.22. b.c. inf., to be unwilling, Hld.1.9.2. c. acc. rei, impute as matter of blame,τὰ Κροῖσος ἐπιμεμφόμενος τῷ Κύρῳ Hdt. 1.75
, cf. 2.161, etc.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπιμέμφομαι
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11 KALLA
* * *(að), v.1) to call, shout, cry (kallaði konungr ok bað létta af);2) to call, summon by a call, send for (um kveldit kallaði konungr Áslák);3) to say (sumir menn kalla, at eigi sé sakleysi í);at kalla, so to say, nominally;sáttir at kalla, nominally reconciled;4) kalla sér e-t, to claim for oneself (konungr kallaði sér allar Orkneyjar);5) to call, name (Mörðr hét maðr, er kallaðr var gígja);6) refl., kallast, to say of oneself;konungr kallaðist hann reynt hafa at góðum dreng, the king said that he had found him a good and brave fellow;7) with preps.:kalla at e-m, to call to one;kalla á e-n, to call to one (Flosi gekk þá at durum ok kallaði á Njál); to call on, invoke (kallaði hann á guð ok hinn helga Ólaf);kalla á e-t, to lay claim to (Snækollr kallaði á bú nökkur þar í eyjunum);kalla eptir, to protest;kalla e-n eptir e-m, to call or name after;kalla til e-s, to call to, invoke (kalla til guðs); to lay claim to, to claim, demand (Snorri kallaði þá til brynju sinnar);kalla til e-s við e-n, í hendr e-m, to claim a thing from one.* * *að, with neg. suff., pres. kalliga, I call not, Gkv. 3. 8; kallar-a, Akv. 37; [an A. S. ceallian occurs once in the poem Byrnoth, and hilde-calla in Exodus, but in both instances the word is Danish; the word however occurs in O. H. G. challon, mid. H. G. kalle, but only in the sense to talk loud, and it is lost in mod. Germ.]:—to call, cry, shout; hver er sá karl karla er kallar um váginn? Hbl. 2; kallaði konungr ok bað létta af, Eg. 92; þá kölluðu allir ok mæltu, 623. 26; bónda-múgrinn æpti ok kallaði, Fms. i. 21; kalla hátt, Sturl. ii. 203; ek em rödd kallanda í eyðimörk, φϊνη βοωντος εν τη ερήμω, 625. 90; kalla kaldri röddu, Akv. 2: of the raven’s cry, hrafn hátt kallaði, Bkv. 11; hann kallaði þegar, bað þá eigi flýja, Fms. viii. 142; Þórir kallaði út á skipit, Ó. H. 136; þá lét hann kalla skip frá skipi, 182; þá kallaði Erlingr ok hét á lið sitt, id.2. to call, send for; síðan lét konungr kalla bændr, ok sagði at hann vill eiga tal við þá, Ó. H. 109; gékk hann til húsþings síns ok lét þangat kalla menn Svía-kouungs, 45; um kveldit kallaði konungr Áslák, Fms. vii. 161; konungr lét kalla til sín þá bræðr, Eg. 73: eccl., til þess er Guð kallaði hann af heiminum, Fms. ix. 383.II. to say, call; þat kalla menn at …, people say that …, Fms. x. 277; Svíþjóð ena miklu kalla sumir eigi minni en …, Hkr. 5; at blótmenn kalla eigi, at …, Fagrsk. 18; en ef lands-dróttinn kallar svá, at …, N. G. L. i. 249; þér kallit guð ykkarn margar jartegnir göra, O. H. L. 108; kalla ek betra spurt en úviss at vera, Sks.; sumir menn kalla at eigi sé sakleysi í, þótt …, Ld. 64; þótt þeir kalli fé þetta með sínum föngum, 76.2. at kalla, so to say, nominally, not really; sáttir at kalla, nominally on good terms, Fms. vii. 246; ok vóru þá sáttir at kalla, Ó. H. 112, Gullþ. 66; létu sér líka þessa tilskipan at kalla, Ísl. ii. 355; þóat menn væri skírðir ok Kristnir at kalla, Eb. 274; Helgi var Kristinn at kalla ( Christian by name) ok þó blandinn mjök í trúnni, Fms. i. 251; greri yfir at kalla, Fs. 67; menn héldusk at kalla, ok gengu á land, Fb. ii. 73; þóat þeir hefði líf at kalla, Stj. 436.3. to assert; skal þess at bíða, ok kalla hann rjúfa sætt á yðr, Nj. 102; eru synir þínir heima? þat má kalla, segir hón, Fær. 264.III. with prepp.; kalla á, to call on; hann kallaði á Karla, Ó. H. 136; Höskuldr kallar á hana, farðú hingat til min! segir hann, Nj. 2: to call on, invoke, þá kallaði hann á Guð ok hinn helga Ólaf konung, Ó. H. 242; kallaði hann þá til fulltings ser á Bárð, Bárð. 16. 13 new Ed.: to lay claim to, Snækollr kallaði á bú nokkur þar í eyjunum, Fms. ix. 423:—kalla eptir, to protest; en Kolbeinn kallar eptir ok vill eigi biskups dóm, Sturl. ii. 4:—kalla til e-s, to lay claim to (til-kall, a claim), to claim, demand; þótti nú sem dælst mundi til at kalla, Eg. 264, Fms. ix. 327; þessar eignir er hann kallaði áðr til, x. 414; kallaði hón til alls þess er aðrir áttu í nánd, Nj. 18; hann kallaði til fjár í hendr þeim, Ld. 300: to invoke, Bárð. 173:—kalla aptr, to recall, revoke, N. G. L. iii. 150, H. E. i. 477.IV. to claim for oneself; kalla sér e-t; konungr kallaði sér allar Orkneyjar, Fms. i. 201; ok kallaði sér þá landit allt, vii. 180; at jarl kalli sér þat, Fs. 132; ef menn skil á, ok kallar annarr sér, en annarr almenning …, hann er jörð þá kallar sér, Gþl. 451; kallaði Grímr hersir konungi allan arf hans, Landn. 213.V. to call, name; kölluðu Karl, Rm. 18; skal þar kirkju kalla er hann vill, K. Þ. K. 42; köllum karl inn skegglausa, Nj. 67; Mörðr hét maðr er kallaðr var gigja, 1; Einarr er þá var kallaðr Skjaldmeyjar-Einar, Fms. xi. 127; þessir menn vóru kallaðir skírðir, baptized nominally, called Christians, Ísl. ii. 399; Þórr sá er kallaðr er Ása-Þórr, Edda: ok má þat kalla hátta-fall, Skálda 210; þeir taka hann ok kalla njósnar-mann, Sturl. ii. 247; ef maðr kallar annan mann tröllriðu, N. G. L. ii. 326. VI. reflex, to call, tell, say of oneself; kallask sumir hafa látið fé, Ó. H. 58; hón talði upp harma sína þá er hón kallaðisk hafa fengit af Ólafi konungi, 191; konungr kallaðisk hann reynt hafa at góðum dreng, Ld. 60, Geisli 2.2. recipr., kallask á, to shout to one another; er okkr þá alhægt at kallask á fyrir tíðindum, Fas. ii. 65, Skálda 210.3. pass. (rare), to be called; speki hans kallask sonr hans, Eluc. 4; er at réttu má kallask postuli Norðmanna, Fms. x. 371; þat er kallat, it is said, 656 C. 1; ok vísar svá til í sögu Bjarnar, at þeir kallaðisk jafnir at íþróttum, Grett. 133, cp. Bjarn. 38,—þeir lögðusk ofan eptir ánni, ok vóru ‘kallaðir’ jafnsterkir menn. -
12 último
adj.1 last, finishing, last one, hindmost.2 ultimate, quintessential.* * *► adjetivo1 last2 (más reciente) latest; (de dos) latter4 (definitivo) final\a la última up to datea últimos de towards the end ofpor último finally* * *(f. - última)adj.1) last2) final3) latter•* * *último, -a1. ADJ1) (=final) lastla Última Cena — (Rel) the Last Supper
•
a lo último — * in the end¿y qué ocurre a lo último? — and what happens in the end?
•
por último — finally, lastlypor último, el conferenciante hizo referencia a... — finally o lastly, the speaker mentioned...
2) (=más reciente)a) [en una serie] [ejemplar, moda, novedad] latest; [elecciones, periodo] last¿has leído el último número de la revista? — have you read the latest issue of the magazine?
los dos últimos cuadros que ha hecho no son tan innovadores — his two latest o his latest two paintings are not so innovative
durante la última década — in o over the last decade
en las últimas horas ha aparecido otro posible comprador — in the last few hours another possible buyer has emerged
b) [entre dos] latterhora 2), b)de los dos, este último es el mejor — of the two, the latter is the best
3) [en el espacio]a) (=más al fondo) backb) (=más alto) topc) (=más bajo) bottom, lastel último escalón — the bottom o last step
el equipo en última posición — the team in last o bottom place
d) (=más lejano) most remote, furthestlas noticias llegan hasta el último rincón del país — news gets to the most remote o the furthest parts of the country
4) (=extremo)en último caso, iría yo — as a last resort o if all else fails, I would go
extremo II, 1., 2), instancia 3), remedio 2)esta medida tiene como fin último reducir el nivel de contaminación — the ultimate aim of this measure is to reduce pollution levels
5) (=definitivo)6)•
lo último * —a) (=lo más moderno) the latest thingb) (=lo peor) the limit2. SM / F1)el último — the last, the last one
¿quién es la última? — who's the last in the queue?
el último en salir que apague la luz — the last one to leave, turn the light off
vestira la última —
2) *¿a qué no sabes la última de Irene? — do you know the latest about Irene?
3) Esp3.ADV Cono Sur in the last position, in the last place* * *I- ma adjetivo (delante del n)1)a) ( en el tiempo) lasten el último momento or a última hora — at the last minute o moment
b) ( más reciente)¿cuándo fue la última vez que lo usaste? — when did you last use it?
en los últimos tiempos — recently, in recent years (o months etc)
2)a) ( en una serie) lastúltimo aviso a los pasajeros del vuelo... — last o final call for passengers on flight...
ser lo último — (fam) ( el colmo) to be the last straw o the limit; ( lo más reciente) to be the latest thing
b) (como adv) (CS) <salir/terminar> last3) ( en el espacio)4) ( definitivo)•II- ma masculino, femenino last one¿sabes la última que me hizo? — do you know what he's done to me now?
¿te cuento la última? — (fam) do you want to hear the latest? (colloq)
a últimos de — (Esp) toward(s) the end of
por último — finally, lastly
en (Col) or (Ven) de últimas — as a last resort, if the worst comes to the worst
a la última — (fam)
estar en las últimas — ( estar a punto de morir) to be at death's door; ( no tener dinero) (fam) to be broke (colloq)
tomar la última — (fam) to have one for the road (colloq)
* * *= last, latter, ultimate, innermost, final, back marker.Ex. We now come to the sixth and last condition of authorship.Ex. The former necessitate the constant comparison, or manipulation, of index entries rather than the linear scanning of entries in the latter.Ex. Abstracting and indexing data are a vital component in the communication link between the originator of information and its ultimate consumer.Ex. Thus a folio gathering might consist of three folio sheets, the outermost of which contained pages 1 and 12 and pages 2 and 11; the middle sheet had pages 3 and 10, 4 and 9; and the innermost sheet had pages 5 and 8, 6 and 7.Ex. The final index will mirror current terminology.Ex. I went right off Hamilton when he referred to back markers as something like 'those monkeys who get in the way' half way through the first season.----* a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.* a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.* a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.* a último momento = last minute [last-minute].* como último recurso = as a last resort, in the last resort.* compras de última hora = last-minute shopping.* con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.* dar el último empujón = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.* dar el último repaso = tie + the pieces together.* dar los últimos retoques a = put + the finishing touches on.* decir la última palabra = hear + the final word, outface.* decisión de última hora = last-minute decision.* dejarlo para última hora = leave + it until the last minute.* de última generación = enhanced, high-tech, high-end, leading edge.* de última hora = last minute [last-minute], late breaking [late-breaking], up-to-the-minute, hot off the griddle.* de última línea = streamlined.* de última moda = new-fangled [newfangled].* de última novedad = streamlined.* de último grito = streamlined.* de último momento = last minute [last-minute].* durante el último año = over the last year.* durante los dos últimos meses = over the last couple of months.* durante los últimos años = over the past few years, over recent years.* durante los últimos + Expresión Temporal = over the past + Expresión Temporal.* durante los últimos + Número + años = over the last + Número + years.* el último = the latest + Nombre.* el último citado = latter.* el último grito = the last word, the cat's meow, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.* en el último caso = in the latter case.* en el último minuto = last minute [last-minute], at the last minute.* en el último momento = at the eleventh hour, at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last, at the last minute.* en las últimas = fag-end, goner.* en las últimas décadas = in recent decades.* en los dos últimos meses = over the last couple of months.* en los últimos años = in recent years, over the recent past, in the last few years.* en los últimos años de = in the last years of.* en los últimos días = in recent days.* en los últimos + Expresión Temporal = over the past + Expresión Temporal.* en los últimos meses = in recent months.* en los últimos + Tiempo = in the past + Tiempo.* en los últimos tiempos = latterly, in recent times, in modern times, in recent memory.* en última instancia = ultimately, in the long run, in the end, in the last analysis, in the last resort, in the final analysis.* en último término = in the last analysis, in the final analysis.* estar en las últimas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.* estudiante de último año = senior student, senior.* estudiante de último curso = final year student.* estudiante universitario de último curso = senior major.* hacer el último esfuerzo = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.* hasta el último minuto = until the last minute.* hasta última hora = until the last minute.* información de última hora = news flash.* la última palabra = the last word, the last word, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* la última vez = last time.* la última vez que = the last time.* lista de últimas adquisiciones = accessions list, list of current acquisitions, addition list.* llevar Algo a sus últimas consecuencias = take + Nombre + to its ultimate conclusion.* los últimos coletazos = fag-end.* lo último = the last word.* ¡maricón el último! = the devil take the hindmost.* nacido el último = lastborn.* noticia de última hora = hot off the press(es).* noticias de última hora = breaking news.* pendiente de ir a la última moda = fashion-conscious.* pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.* persona que toma la última decisión = decider.* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* precipitación de última hora = last-minute rush.* prisa de última hora = last-minute rush.* que siempre va a la última moda = fashion-conscious.* que sigue la última moda = fashion-conscious.* sección de últimos números de publicaciones periódicas = current periodicals area.* seguidor de la última moda = faddish, faddy [faddier -comp., faddies -sup.].* ser el último grito = be all the rage.* ser el último mono = feel + pulled and tugged.* ser la última palabra = be all the rage.* ser la última persona del mundo que + Infinitivo = be one of the last people in the world to + Infinitivo.* ser lo último = be all the rage, be the pits.* ser lo último en = become + the next stop in.* ser lo último en lo que + pensar = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.* ser lo último que + ocurrir + a Alguien = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.* tener la última palabra = have + the ultimate say, have + the final say, call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* Ultima Cena, la = Last Supper, the.* última oportunidad, la = last chance, the.* última palabra + depender de = ultimate authority + rest with.* últimas novedades de = fresh out from.* Posesivo + últimas palabras = last words, Posesivo + dying last words.* últimas palabras que se han hecho famosas = famous last words.* último aliento = death rattle, Posesivo + last breath.* último escalafón, el = bottom rung, the.* último mencionado, el = last mentioned, the.* último nivel, el = bottom rung, the.* último número, el = latest issue, the.* último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.* último recurso = fall-back [fallback], last resort, last ditch.* último rincón, el = nooks and crannies.* últimos coletazos = Indian summer.* últimos ritos, los = final rites, the.* último suspiro = last breath.* último tramo, el = last leg, the.* último trecho, el = last leg, the.* una primera y última vez = a first and last time.* una última vez = one last time.* un + Nombre + a última hora de la mañana = a late morning + Nombre.* vestido a la última = fashion statement.* vestido a la última moda = fashion statement.* * *I- ma adjetivo (delante del n)1)a) ( en el tiempo) lasten el último momento or a última hora — at the last minute o moment
b) ( más reciente)¿cuándo fue la última vez que lo usaste? — when did you last use it?
en los últimos tiempos — recently, in recent years (o months etc)
2)a) ( en una serie) lastúltimo aviso a los pasajeros del vuelo... — last o final call for passengers on flight...
ser lo último — (fam) ( el colmo) to be the last straw o the limit; ( lo más reciente) to be the latest thing
b) (como adv) (CS) <salir/terminar> last3) ( en el espacio)4) ( definitivo)•II- ma masculino, femenino last one¿sabes la última que me hizo? — do you know what he's done to me now?
¿te cuento la última? — (fam) do you want to hear the latest? (colloq)
a últimos de — (Esp) toward(s) the end of
por último — finally, lastly
en (Col) or (Ven) de últimas — as a last resort, if the worst comes to the worst
a la última — (fam)
estar en las últimas — ( estar a punto de morir) to be at death's door; ( no tener dinero) (fam) to be broke (colloq)
tomar la última — (fam) to have one for the road (colloq)
* * *= last, latter, ultimate, innermost, final, back marker.Ex: We now come to the sixth and last condition of authorship.
Ex: The former necessitate the constant comparison, or manipulation, of index entries rather than the linear scanning of entries in the latter.Ex: Abstracting and indexing data are a vital component in the communication link between the originator of information and its ultimate consumer.Ex: Thus a folio gathering might consist of three folio sheets, the outermost of which contained pages 1 and 12 and pages 2 and 11; the middle sheet had pages 3 and 10, 4 and 9; and the innermost sheet had pages 5 and 8, 6 and 7.Ex: The final index will mirror current terminology.Ex: I went right off Hamilton when he referred to back markers as something like 'those monkeys who get in the way' half way through the first season.* a la última = hip [hipper -comp., hippest -sup.], on the fast track, hipped.* a última hora = at the last minute, at the eleventh hour, last minute [last-minute], at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last.* a últimas horas de la tarde = late evening.* a último momento = last minute [last-minute].* como último recurso = as a last resort, in the last resort.* compras de última hora = last-minute shopping.* con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.* dar el último empujón = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.* dar el último repaso = tie + the pieces together.* dar los últimos retoques a = put + the finishing touches on.* decir la última palabra = hear + the final word, outface.* decisión de última hora = last-minute decision.* dejarlo para última hora = leave + it until the last minute.* de última generación = enhanced, high-tech, high-end, leading edge.* de última hora = last minute [last-minute], late breaking [late-breaking], up-to-the-minute, hot off the griddle.* de última línea = streamlined.* de última moda = new-fangled [newfangled].* de última novedad = streamlined.* de último grito = streamlined.* de último momento = last minute [last-minute].* durante el último año = over the last year.* durante los dos últimos meses = over the last couple of months.* durante los últimos años = over the past few years, over recent years.* durante los últimos + Expresión Temporal = over the past + Expresión Temporal.* durante los últimos + Número + años = over the last + Número + years.* el último = the latest + Nombre.* el último citado = latter.* el último grito = the last word, the cat's meow, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.* en el último caso = in the latter case.* en el último minuto = last minute [last-minute], at the last minute.* en el último momento = at the eleventh hour, at the very last minute, at the very last moment, at the very last, at the last minute.* en las últimas = fag-end, goner.* en las últimas décadas = in recent decades.* en los dos últimos meses = over the last couple of months.* en los últimos años = in recent years, over the recent past, in the last few years.* en los últimos años de = in the last years of.* en los últimos días = in recent days.* en los últimos + Expresión Temporal = over the past + Expresión Temporal.* en los últimos meses = in recent months.* en los últimos + Tiempo = in the past + Tiempo.* en los últimos tiempos = latterly, in recent times, in modern times, in recent memory.* en última instancia = ultimately, in the long run, in the end, in the last analysis, in the last resort, in the final analysis.* en último término = in the last analysis, in the final analysis.* estar en las últimas = be on + Posesivo + last legs.* estudiante de último año = senior student, senior.* estudiante de último curso = final year student.* estudiante universitario de último curso = senior major.* hacer el último esfuerzo = go + the last mile, go + the extra mile.* hasta el último minuto = until the last minute.* hasta última hora = until the last minute.* información de última hora = news flash.* la última palabra = the last word, the last word, the bee's knees, the cat's pyjamas, the cat's meow, the cat's whiskers, the dog's bollocks.* la última vez = last time.* la última vez que = the last time.* lista de últimas adquisiciones = accessions list, list of current acquisitions, addition list.* llevar Algo a sus últimas consecuencias = take + Nombre + to its ultimate conclusion.* los últimos coletazos = fag-end.* lo último = the last word.* ¡maricón el último! = the devil take the hindmost.* nacido el último = lastborn.* noticia de última hora = hot off the press(es).* noticias de última hora = breaking news.* pendiente de ir a la última moda = fashion-conscious.* pendiente de seguir la última moda = fashion-conscious.* persona que toma la última decisión = decider.* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* precipitación de última hora = last-minute rush.* prisa de última hora = last-minute rush.* que siempre va a la última moda = fashion-conscious.* que sigue la última moda = fashion-conscious.* sección de últimos números de publicaciones periódicas = current periodicals area.* seguidor de la última moda = faddish, faddy [faddier -comp., faddies -sup.].* ser el último grito = be all the rage.* ser el último mono = feel + pulled and tugged.* ser la última palabra = be all the rage.* ser la última persona del mundo que + Infinitivo = be one of the last people in the world to + Infinitivo.* ser lo último = be all the rage, be the pits.* ser lo último en = become + the next stop in.* ser lo último en lo que + pensar = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.* ser lo último que + ocurrir + a Alguien = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.* tener la última palabra = have + the ultimate say, have + the final say, call + the shots, be the boss, call + the tune, rule + the roost.* Ultima Cena, la = Last Supper, the.* última oportunidad, la = last chance, the.* última palabra + depender de = ultimate authority + rest with.* últimas novedades de = fresh out from.* Posesivo + últimas palabras = last words, Posesivo + dying last words.* últimas palabras que se han hecho famosas = famous last words.* último aliento = death rattle, Posesivo + last breath.* último escalafón, el = bottom rung, the.* último mencionado, el = last mentioned, the.* último nivel, el = bottom rung, the.* último número, el = latest issue, the.* último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.* último recurso = fall-back [fallback], last resort, last ditch.* último rincón, el = nooks and crannies.* últimos coletazos = Indian summer.* últimos ritos, los = final rites, the.* último suspiro = last breath.* último tramo, el = last leg, the.* último trecho, el = last leg, the.* una primera y última vez = a first and last time.* una última vez = one last time.* un + Nombre + a última hora de la mañana = a late morning + Nombre.* vestido a la última = fashion statement.* vestido a la última moda = fashion statement.* * *A1 (en el tiempo) lastlos últimos años de su vida the last years of her life, her last yearshasta últimas horas de la noche until late at nighten el último momento or a última hora at the last minute o moment2(más reciente): ¿cuándo fue la última vez que lo usaste? when did you last use it?, when was the last time you used it?su último libro es muy bueno his latest book is very goodlo último que supe de él es que vivía en París the last I heard he was living in Parisla última moda the latest fashionlos últimos estudios the latest o the most recent studiesen los últimos tiempos recently, in recent years ( o months etc)B1 (en una serie) lastestaba en último lugar I was last, I was in last placeel último tren sale a las once the last train leaves at elevenúltimo aviso a los pasajeros del vuelo … last o final call for passengers on flight …el equipo ocupa el último puesto de la división the team is at the bottom of the division o is in last place in the divisionte lo digo por última vez I'm telling you for the last o final timele echaré una última mirada I'll take one last o final lookcomo último recurso as a last resortser lo último ( fam) (el colmo) to be the last straw o the limit; (lo más reciente) to be the latest thing2 ( como adv) (CS) ‹salir/terminar› lastel que salga último que apague la luz last one out o whoever is last out, turn the light offllegó última en la carrera she finished last in the raceC(en el espacio): en el último piso on the top flooren la última fila in the back rowla última página del periódico the back page of the newspaperaunque tenga que ir al último rincón del mundo even if I have to go to the ends of the earthD(definitivo): es mi última oferta it's my final offersiempre tiene que decir la última palabra he always has to have the last wordCompuestos:feminine Last Supperfeminine late item (of news)feminine last wishes (pl), last wishmpl last rites o sacraments (pl)masculine, femininelast oneera el último que me quedaba it was my last one, it was the last one I hadel último en llegar the last (one) to arrivesalió el último he was the last to leaveel último de la lista the last person on the listes el último de la clase he's bottom of the class¿sabes la última que me hizo? do you know what he's done to me now?a últimos de ( Esp); toward(s) the end ofpor último finally, lastlyy por último quiero decir que … and finally o lastly, I would like to say that …a la última ( fam): siempre va a la última she's always fashionably dressed, she always wears trendy clothesestá a la última it's the latest fashion, it's all the rage ( colloq)estar en las últimas (estar a punto de morir) to be at death's door;* * *
Del verbo ultimar: ( conjugate ultimar)
ultimo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
ultimó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
ultimar
último
ultimar ( conjugate ultimar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹ preparativos› to complete;
‹ detalles› to finalize
2 (AmL frml) ( matar) to kill, murder
último◊ -ma adjetivo ( delante del n)
1 ( en el tiempo) last;◊ a última hora at the last minute o moment;
su último libro his latest book;
en los últimos tiempos recently;
¿cuándo fue la última vez que lo usaste? when did you last use it?
2
por última vez for the last time;
como último recurso as a last resort;
última voluntad last wishes (pl)
3 ( en el espacio):
la última fila the back row
4 ( definitivo):
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
last one;
es el último de la clase he's bottom of the class;
a últimos de (Esp) toward(s) the end of;
por último finally, lastly
ultimar verbo transitivo
1 (un proyecto, una tarea) to finalize
ultimar detalles, to finalize details
2 LAm (rematar, asesinar) to kill, finish off
último,-a
I adjetivo
1 (sin otro detrás) last: éste es el último caramelo, this is the last sweet
2 (no preferente, peor de una serie) last: es el último lugar en que habría mirado, it's the last place where I'd look
3 (más reciente) latest
última moda, latest fashion
según las últimas noticias, according to the latest news
4 (más remoto) farther: la vacuna tiene que llegar hasta la última aldea del continente, the vaccine must reach the most remote village on the continent
5 (más alto) top
el último piso, the top floor
6 (definitivo) last, final: era su última oferta, it was his final offer
mi última oportunidad, my last chance
7 (al final de un periodo de tiempo) a últimos de mes, towards the end of the month
II pron last one: los últimos en llegar fuimos nosotros, we were the last to arrive
el último de la fila, the last one in the queue
♦ Locuciones: estar en las últimas, (un enfermo) to be at death's door
fam (carecer de dinero, comida) to be broke
(estar acabándose) to be about to run out
ser lo último, to be the last
(algo indigno, inaceptable) mendigar es lo último, having to beg is the pits
a la última, up to the minute
de última hora: una decisión de última hora, a last-minute decision
una noticia de última hora, a newsflash
por último, finally
' último' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abajo
- caso
- decidir
- ensalzar
- faltar
- fin
- hasta
- inspección
- ligue
- llegar
- memoria
- número
- para
- pasada
- pasado
- recordar
- remedio
- rozar
- sprint
- suspiro
- término
- última
- arriba
- aviso
- el
- en
- extremo
- grito
- lugar
- mono
- recurso
- rincón
English:
afterthought
- bottom
- burst
- cancel
- come
- eleventh
- enjoy
- final
- finally
- height
- hot news
- last
- last-ditch
- lastly
- latest
- latter
- laugh
- LIFO
- outermost
- parting
- past
- push
- rage
- refer to
- resort
- senior
- spurt
- state-of-the-art
- stave off
- title
- top
- touch
- word
- year
- after
- close
- current
- dying
- fail
- inch
- late
- line
- memorial
- most
- nook
- scramble
- state
- survive
- ultimate
* * *último, -a♦ adj1. [en una serie, en el tiempo] last;mi última esperanza/oportunidad my last hope/chance;hizo un último intento he made one last o final attempt;último aviso para los pasajeros… [por megafonía] (this is the) last o final call for passengers…;decisiones de última hora last-minute decisions;a última hora, en el último momento at the last moment;como último recurso as a last resort;a lo último in the end;lo último antes de acostarme last thing before I go to bed;en una situación así es lo último que haría it's the last thing I'd do in a situation like that;por último lastly, finally;ser lo último [lo final] to come last;[el último recurso] to be a last resort; [el colmo] to be the last straw la Última Cena the Last Supper;último pago final payment;último plazo final instalment;los últimos sacramentos the last sacraments;última voluntad last wish(es)2. [más reciente] latest, most recent;una exposición de sus últimos trabajos an exhibition of her most recent work;las últimas noticias son inquietantes the latest news is very worrying;en los últimos días/meses in recent days/months;la última vez que lo vi the last time I saw him, when I last saw him;Fames lo último en electrodomésticos it's the latest thing in electrical appliancesúltima hora [como título] latest, stop press;noticias de última hora last-minute news3. [más bajo] bottom;[más alto] top; [de más atrás] back;la última línea de la página the bottom o last line of the page;el último piso the top floor;la última fila the back row4. [más remoto] furthest, most remote;el último rincón del país the remotest parts of the countrytener la última palabra en algo to have the last word on sth6. [primordial] ultimate;medidas cuyo fin último es… measures that have the ultimate goal of…7. RP [uso adverbial] last;empezaron últimos, por eso todavía no terminaron they started last, that's why they haven't finished yet;salí última porque me quedé conversando I was the last to leave because I stayed behind talking♦ nm,fel último de la clase the bottom of the class;es el último al que pediría ayuda he's the last person I'd ask for help;llegar/terminar el último to come/finish last;ser el último en hacer algo to be the last to do sth;a últimos de mes at the end of the month;¿nos tomamos la última? shall we have one for the road?;estar en las últimas [muriéndose] to be on one's deathbed;[sin dinero] to be down to one's last penny; [sin provisiones] to be down to one's last provisions; [botella, producto] to have almost run out; Famir a la última to wear the latest fashion2. [en comparaciones, enumeraciones]este último… the latter…* * *adj1 last;ser el último en llegar be the last (one) to arrive;por último finally;está en las últimas he doesn’t have long (to live);a últimos de mayo at the end of Mayúltimas noticias latest news sg ;estar a la última be right up to date;ir a la última (moda) wear the latest fashions;es lo último it’s the latest thing3 piso top atr* * *último, -ma adj1) : last, finalla última galleta: the last cookieen último caso: as a last resort2) : last, latest, most recentsu último viaje a España: her last trip to Spainen los últimos años: in recent years3)por último : finally* * *último1 adj1. (en general) last2. (más reciente) latest3. (más abajo) bottom4. (más arriba) top5. (más atrás) backúltimo2 n last one¿quién es el último? who's last in the queue? -
13 por
prep.1 because of (causa).por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me¿por qué? why?¿por qué lo dijo? why did she say it?¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?¿por? (informal) why?se enfadó por tu comportamiento she got angry because of your behaviorlo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love2 (in order) to.lo hizo por complacerte he did it to please youlo hice por ella I did it for her3 by (medio, modo, agente).por mensajero/fax/teléfono by courier/fax/telephoneestuvimos hablando por teléfono we were talking on the phonepor escrito in writinglo cogieron por el brazo they took him by the armel récord fue batido por el atleta the record was broken by the athlete4 through.vamos por aquí/allí let's go this/that wayiba paseando por el bosque/la calle she was walking through the forest/along the streetpasar por la aduana to go through customs5 for (a cambio de, en lugar de).lo ha comprado por poco dinero she bought it for very littlecambió el coche por la moto he exchanged his car for a motorbikeél lo hará por mí he'll do it for me6 per.80 céntimos por unidad 80 cents eachmil unidades por semana a thousand units a o per weekuno por uno one by one20 kms por hora 20 km an o per hour7 for.baja por tabaco go down to the shops for some cigarettes, go down to get some cigarettesa por forvino a por las entradas she came for the tickets8 times, multiplied by.* * *1 (gen) for2 (a través de) through, by3 (calle, carretera) along, down, up■ íbamos por la calle cuando... we were walking along the street when...4 (lugar aproximado) in, near, round5 (causa) because of6 (tiempo) at, for7 (medio) by8 (autoría) by9 (distribución) per10 (tras) by11 (con pasiva) by12 (a favor de) for, in favour of, US in favor of13 (en calidad de) as14 (en lugar de) instead of, in the place of15 (multiplicado por) times, multiplied by■ tres por cuatro, doce three fours are twelve, three times four is twelve■ por caro que sea, lo voy a comprar no matter how expensive it is I'm going to buy it■ por viejo que parezca funciona even though it looks old, it still works\estar por hacer to remain to be done, not to have been done yetpor aquí around herepor lo tanto thereforepor lo visto apparentlypor más que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how muchpor mucho que + subjuntivo however much, no matter how muchpor mí as far as I am concerned¿por qué? why?por supuesto of coursepor tanto therefore, so* * *prep.1) for2) during3) by4) through5) along6) around7) per8) from9) because of10) instead of•* * *PREPOSICIÓN1) [causa]a) + sustantivo because of•
por temor a — for fear ofb) + infinc) + adj2) [objetivo]a) + sustantivo forb) + infinpor no llegar tarde — so as not to arrive late, in order not to be late
3) (=en favor, defensa de) forhazlo por mí — do it for me, do it for my sake
4) [elección]5) [evidencia] judging by, judging frompor lo que dicen — judging by o from what they say
por la cara que pone no debe de gustarle — judging by o from his face I don't think he likes it
por las señas no piensa hacerlo — apparently he's not intending to do it, it doesn't seem like he's intending to do it
6) [medio]7) [agente] by"dirigido por" — "directed by"
8) [modo] by•
por orden alfabético — in alphabetical order9) [lugar]¿por dónde? — which way?
10) [aproximación]por aquí cerca — near o around here
por la feria — round about o around carnival time
11) [tiempo]por la mañana siempre tengo mucho trabajo — I always have a lot of work in o during the morning
12) [duración] for13) [sustitución, intercambio] (=a cambio de) for; (=en lugar de) instead ofhoy doy yo la clase por él — today I'm giving the class for him o in his place
14) [representación]hablo por todos — I speak on behalf of o for everyone
interceder por algn — to intercede on sb's behalf, intercede for sb
vino por su jefe — he came instead of o in place of his boss
15) [distribución]80km por hora — 80km per o an hour
tres dólares por persona — three dollars each, three dollars per person
16) [en multiplicaciones]cinco por tres, quince — five times three is fifteen, five threes are fifteen
17) (=en cuanto a)por mí no hay inconveniente — that's fine as o so far as I'm concerned
por mí, que se vaya — as o so far as I'm concerned he can go, for all I care he can go
por mí, como si quieres pasar una semana sin comer — I don't care if you want to go for a week without eating
si por mi fuera, tú estarías trabajando — if it were o was down to me, you'd be working
18) (=como)•
tomar a algn por esposo/esposa — to take sb to be one's husband/wife19) [concesión]+ subjunpor (muy) difícil que sea — however hard it is o may be
por mucho que lo quisieran — however much they would like to, much as they would like to
por más que lo intente — no matter how o however hard I try, try as I might
20) [acción inacabada]+ infin21) ir (a) por algo/algn (=en busca de) to go and get sth/sbvoy por el médico — I'll go and fetch o get the doctor
voy a por él — [a buscarle] I'll go and get him; [a atacarle] I'm going to get him
solo van a por las pelas — * they're only in it for the money
¡a por ellos! — get them!
22) [en preguntas]por qué why¿por? * why (do you ask)?¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
* * *1) ( en relaciones causales) because ofpor falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money
si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...
por + inf — for -ing
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2) ( según)por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...
3) (en locs)¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try
por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is
5)a) ( en expresiones de modo)colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height
b) ( indicando el medio)por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road
me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend
lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way
c) (Educ) from6)cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class
120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour
uno por uno — one by one; ciento II
b) ( en multiplicaciones)tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve
7)a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) forsu secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf
yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place
podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman
b) ( como)¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?
8) ( introduciendo el agente) by9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her
eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it
por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him
10) (indicando consideración, favor) forpor mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake
11) (indicando inclinación, elección)12) ( en busca de)salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
13) ( en lo que respecta a)por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind
por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean
15) (esp AmL)estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)
16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?
¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?
¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?
17)¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?
¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?
por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere
voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15
c) ( indicando extensión)viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France
pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc
18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time
19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for20) ( durante) forpor el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche
* * *= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.Ex. This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.Ex. I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.Ex. This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.Ex. A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.Ex. Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.Ex. Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.Ex. The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.Ex. Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.Ex. Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.Ex. AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.Ex. Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex. The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.Ex. 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.Ex. One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.Ex. Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.Ex. Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.Ex. But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.Ex. This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.----* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.* coger por sorpresa = catch out.* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.* encontrar por casualidad = come across.* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.* error por omisión = omission failure.* estar por delante de = be ahead of.* hecho por encargo = bespoke.* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.* leer por encima = browse.* llamar por teléfono = call up.* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.* ordenado por fecha = in date order.* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.* por accidente = accidentally.* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].* por ahí = out there.* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.* por algún tiempo = for sometime.* por allí = nearby [near-by].* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por analogía = by analogy.* por anticipado = in advance (of).* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.* por así decir = as it were.* por boca de = by word of mouth.* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.* por cabeza = per person.* por cable = wireline, corded.* por caminos apartados = off-road.* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.* por coincidencia = by coincidence.* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por completo = fully.* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.* por consideración a = out of respect for.* por consideración a = out of consideration for.* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.* por contra = in contrast.* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por correo = by post, mailed.* por cortesía de = courtesy of.* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.* por cuanto que = because.* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.* por cuenta de uno = privately.* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.* por décadas = ten-yearly.* por decidir = to be decided.* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.* por decisión propia = by choice.* por defecto = by default, default.* por deferencia a = in deference to.* por definición = by definition.* por delante = ahead.* por delante de = ahead of.* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.* por delante y por detrás = front and back.* por dentro = inwardly.* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por divertirse = for kicks.* por doquier = all around.* por dos años = two-year.* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.* por (el) amor a = for the love of.* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.* por el detalle = for detail.* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.* por el día o por la noche = day or night.* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.* por elección propia = by choice.* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.* por el gobierno federal = federally.* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.* por el hombre = humanly.* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.* por el modo = by the way.* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.* por el receptor = at the receiving end.* por el sexo = gendered.* por encargo = custom, bespoke.* por encima = overhead, cursorily.* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.* por encima de eso = beyond that.* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.* por encima de la media = above average.* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.* por enfado = out of anger.* por enojo = out of anger.* por error = by mistake.* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.* por eso = on that score, therefore.* por eso que = hence.* por esta razón = for this reason.* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.* por este motivo = for this reason.* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.* por etapas = staged.* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.* por exceso = excessively, to excess.* por explotar = untapped.* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.* por extensión = by extension.* por extenso = in full, at length.* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.* por fases = staged.* por favor = please.* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).* por frustración = out of frustration.* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.* por grupos = in batches.* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por hora = hourly.* por horas = on an hourly basis.* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).* por imitación = copycat.* por incremento gradual = incremental.* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.* por individuo = per capita, per person.* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.* por instinto = instinctively.* por interés = out of interest.* por interés personal = self-interested.* por investigar = unresearched.* por invitación = invitational.* por invitación de = at the invitation of.* por la borda = overboard.* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.* por la forma = by the way.* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.* por la fuerza = forcibly.* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.* por la manera = by the way.* por la mañana = in the morning.* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.* por la presente = hereby.* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.* por las nubes = soaring.* por la tarde = in the evening.* por ley = mandated.* por libre = freelance.* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.* por lo pronto = for the time being.* por lo que = so.* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.* por los suelos = in tatters.* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.* por mal camino = astray.* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.* por materias = subject-based, topically.* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.* por medio = out of.* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.* por menús = menu-driven.* por méritos = meritorious.* por mes = per month.* por miedo de = for fear of/that.* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.* por muchas razones = in many ways.* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.* por nada = for nothing.* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.* por no decir nunca = if ever.* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.* por no mencionar = not to mention.* por norma = as a rule.* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.* por orden de = mandated.* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.* por orden numérico = in numerical order.* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* por parejas = in pairs.* por parte de = on the part of.* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por pereza = lazily.* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.* por persona = per person.* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por poderes = by proxy.* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.* por principio = on principle.* por principios = as a matter of principle.* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.* por pura diversión = for kicks.* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por qué = why.* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.* por razones de = for the sake of.* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.* por razones morales = on moral grounds.* por razones personales = for personal reasons.* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.* por rencor = out of spite.* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.* por rumores = grapevine.* por rutina = routinely.* por sacos = by the sackful.* por satélite = satellite-based.* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.* por seguridad = for safety reasons.* por semana = per week.* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.* por sexo = along gender lines.* por si = in the chance that.* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.* por si casualidad = in the chance that.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* por sorpresa = unawares.* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.* por su papel = in its role.* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.* por su volatilidad = mercurially.* por su volubilidad = mercurially.* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.* por temas = topically.* por temor a = for fear of/that.* por temor a represalias = under duress.* por término medio = on average.* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].* por toda la provincia = province-wide.* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].* por todo el continente = continent-wide.* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.* por todo el servicio = service-wide.* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.* por todos conocido = well-known.* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.* por todos los medios = by all means.* por todos sitios = everywhere.* por triplicado = in triplicate.* por trueque = in kind.* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.* por unanimidad = unanimously.* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.* por unidad = per unit.* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* por un momento = for a moment.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.* por uno solo = solo.* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.* por un tiempo = for a time.* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.* por venganza = out of spite.* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* transporte por tierra = land transport.* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.* * *1) ( en relaciones causales) because ofpor falta de dinero — because of o owing to lack of money
si no fuera por mi hijo... — if it wasn't for my son...
por + inf — for -ing
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido — he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2) ( según)por lo que parece... — it seems o it would seem...
3) (en locs)¿por qué no vienes conmigo? — why don't you come with me?
por más que me esfuerzo — however hard o no matter how hard I try
por (muy) fácil que sea — however easy o no matter how easy it is
5)a) ( en expresiones de modo)colócalos por orden de tamaño/altura — put them in order of size/height
b) ( indicando el medio)por avión/barco/carretera — by air/sea/road
me enteré por un amigo — I heard from o through a friend
lo intenté por todos los medios — I tried everything possible o every possible way
c) (Educ) from6)cobra $30 por clase — he charges $30 a o per class
120 kilómetros por hora — 120 kilometers an o per hour
uno por uno — one by one; ciento II
b) ( en multiplicaciones)tres por cuatro (son) doce — three times four is twelve, three fours are twelve
7)a) (en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación) forsu secretaria firmó por él — his secretary signed for him o on his behalf
yo puedo ir por ti — I can go for you o in your place
podrías pasar por inglesa — you could pass as English o for an Englishwoman
b) ( como)¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? — do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?
8) ( introduciendo el agente) by9) (expresando finalidad, objetivo)por + inf: daría cualquier cosa por verla — I'd give anything to see her
eso es hablar por hablar — that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of it
por que + subj ( here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan — he was eager for them to listen to him
10) (indicando consideración, favor) forpor mí no lo hagas — don't do it just for me o for my sake
11) (indicando inclinación, elección)12) ( en busca de)salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan — he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
13) ( en lo que respecta a)por mí no hay inconveniente — I don't mind
por mí que haga lo que quiera — as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
por + inf: tengo la casa por limpiar — I've got the house to clean
15) (esp AmL)estar por + inf — ( estar a punto de)
16) (indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria)¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? — does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?
¿por dónde has venido? — which way did you come?
¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? — could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?
17)¿por dónde está or queda el hotel? — whereabouts is the hotel?
¿qué tal te fue por Londres? — how did you get on in London?
por todos lados or por todas partes — everywhere
voy por la página 15 — I'm up to o I'm on page 15
c) ( indicando extensión)viajamos por el norte de Francia — we travelled around o in the North of France
pasa un trapo por el piso — give the floor a quick wipe; ver tb afuera, adentro, dentro, fuera, encima, etc
18) ( expresando tiempo aproximado)por aquella época or por aquel entonces — at that time
19) (Esp) ( indicando una ocasión) for20) ( durante) forpor el momento or por ahora — for the time being o for now; ver tb mañana III, tarde II, noche
* * *= across, along, around, because of, by, by, down, for the sake of, in connection with, in the gift of, on account of, on the grounds that/of, per, through, times, under, x, as a matter of, out of, through the agency of.Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.
Ex: This means that a large number of messages can be combined together along the same line, giving economies of scales.Ex: I wouldn't expect you to be detailed in your report in terms of where the bookmible would stop around town and where you'd park it.Ex: This makes him feel somehow defficient and all because of his difficulty in making sense out of words in print with which his troubles began.Ex: A set of government publications could be filed alphabetically by the issuing bureau, and then by title of the particular series in numerical order.Ex: Micrographic and computer technologies and their integration will become increasingly efficacious as agents for change with respect to the continued existence of the traditional 75 by 125 millimeter card.Ex: Some users find the format of KWIC indexes unacceptable, they find alphabetical arrangement by keywords down the centre of a page, and wrapped-round titles awkward.Ex: The advocates of ISBD originally argued that it was for the sake of the computer.Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.Ex: Its notability is seen to lie in the fact that it has significantly broken the stranglehold upon postgraduate studentships in the gift of the Science and Engineering Research Council.Ex: Partly on account of the variety of bases for coverage there is significant overlap between the assortment of abstracting and indexing services.Ex: AACR2 has been criticised on the grounds that it does not identify the cataloguing unit to which the rules refer.Ex: Indexing can thus be achieved at a detailed level, with often many terms per document, with almost no indexing effort.Ex: The contributions are input to the data base, then referred and any suggestion made by the referee are communicated through the data base to the editor.Ex: 4 days times 30 cents per day = 120 cents.Ex: One of the outcomes of entry under title has been the proliferation of serials titles.Ex: Card catalogues or indexes comprise a set of cards often 5x3 inches (122x72 mm), with each entry on a separate card.Ex: Most drivers stop at stop signs: Some do under duress -- there may be a policeman concealed in nearby bushes, others as a matter of prudence -- a fast car with the right of way can be injurious.Ex: But these and other interested people collected this type of books out of a mixture of curiosity and sentiment.Ex: This article argues that critical thinking, a long sought after goal in the US educational system, may be taught efficiently through the agency of library use instructions within the college environment.* actuar por impulso = act on + impulse.* aprendizaje por medio del ordenador = computer-based learning (CBL).* aunque por otro lado = but otherwise.* búsqueda por medio de menús = menu-assisted searching.* coger por sorpresa = catch out.* Día + por la tarde = late + Día.* digamos por ejemplo = let us say.* dominar por completo = sweep + the board.* encontrar por casualidad = come across.* encuadernación por encargo = bespoke binding.* error por omisión = omission failure.* estar por delante de = be ahead of.* hecho por encargo = bespoke.* introducir por primera vez = pioneer.* leer por encima = browse.* llamar por teléfono = call up.* muy por encima de todo = over and above all.* Nombre + por primera vez = Nombre + ever.* ordenado por fecha = in date order.* pasar por alto = bypass [by-pass], skip over, pass + Nombre/Pronombre + by.* pongamos por ejemplo = let us say.* por accidente = accidentally.* por adelantado = advance, in advance (of), up-front [up front].* por ahí = out there.* por ahora = as of right now, as yet, at present, at the moment, at this point, for the present, for the time being, just yet, for now, at this time, as of now, at the present, by now, for the nonce.* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.* por alguna razón = for some reason, for whatever reason.* por algún motivo = for whatever reason.* por algún tiempo = for sometime.* por allí = nearby [near-by].* por amor al arte = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por analogía = by analogy.* por anticipado = in advance (of).* por antonomasia = quintessential, unique.* por añadidura = in addition (to), on top of everything else.* por aquel entonces = at the time, about that time, by this time.* por aquí = around here, nearby [near-by], round here.* por aquí y por allí = hanging about.* por así decir = as it were.* por boca de = by word of mouth.* por bondad = out of the goodness of + Posesivo + heart.* por buena dirección = a step in the right direction.* por buen camino = a step in the right direction.* por cabeza = per person.* por cable = wireline, corded.* por caminos apartados = off-road.* por capas = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], layered, tiered.* por casualidad = by chance, coincidentally, fortuitously, by accident, by happenstance, happen to + Infinitivo, chance to + Infinitivo, accidentally, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por chiripa = by chance, by a fluke, by luck, by a stroke of (good) luck.* por ciento = per cent [percent] (%).* por cierto = coincidentally, incidentally, by the way, anecdotally, by the by(e), speaking of which.* por coincidencia = by coincidence.* por comodidad = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por completo = fully.* por confirmar = to be announced, to be confirmed.* por consideración a = out of respect for.* por consideración a = out of consideration for.* por consiguiente = consequently, then, thence, by implication, therefore.* por contra = in contrast.* por conveniencia = for convenience, for the sake of + convenience.* por correo = by post, mailed.* por cortesía de = courtesy of.* por cualquier motivo = for whatever reason.* por cualquier razón = for whatever reason.* por cuanto que = because.* por cuenta ajena = vicariously.* por cuenta de uno = privately.* por cuenta propia = freelance, self-employed, at + Posesivo + own expense.* por cuenta y riesgo de Uno = at + Posesivo + peril.* por curiosidad = out of curiosity.* por debajo de = below, beneath, underneath.* por debajo de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad.* por debajo de cero = sub-zero, below-freezing.* por debajo del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.* por debajo de la media = sub-par, below-average.* por debajo de las posibilidades = below + Posesivo + capabilities.* por debajo de lo normal = below-normal.* por debajo de lo óptimo = sub-optimal [suboptimal].* por debajo del peso nomral = underweight.* por décadas = ten-yearly.* por decidir = to be decided.* por decirlo así = so to speak, in a manner of speaking.* por decirlo de alguna manera = so to speak.* por decirlo de algún modo = in a manner of speaking, so to speak.* por decisión propia = by choice.* por defecto = by default, default.* por deferencia a = in deference to.* por definición = by definition.* por delante = ahead.* por delante de = ahead of.* por delante de la competencia = ahead of the game.* por delante y por detrás = front and back.* por dentro = inwardly.* por desgracia = unfortunately, sadly, unhappily, disappointingly.* por despecho = spitefully, out of spite.* ¡por dios! = in heaven's name, for God's sake, gosh.* ¡por Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por diversión = for sport, for fun, (just) for the hell of (doing) it, for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por divertirse = for kicks.* por doquier = all around.* por dos años = two-year.* por ejemplo = e.g. (latín - exempli gratia), for example, for instance, say, to illustrate, for the sake of + argument.* por (el) amor a = for the love of.* ¡por el amor de Dios! = for crying out loud!.* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el contrario = by contrast, conversely, however, in contrast, instead, on the contrary, by way of contrast, to the contrary, quite the opposite, by comparison, contrariwise, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.* por el cual = whereby, whereupon.* por el detalle = for detail.* por el día = by day, daytime [day-time], during the daytime, in the daytime, during daytime.* por el día o por la noche = day or night.* por el día y por la noche = day and night, night and day.* por elección propia = by choice.* por el gobierno = governmentally + Adjetivo.* por el gobierno federal = federally.* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.* por el hombre = humanly.* por ello = on this basis, on that basis, accordingly.* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.* por el método de ensayo y error = by trial and error, trial and error.* por el modo = by the way.* por el momento = for the time being, momentarily, at the moment, for the nonce, for the present.* por el placer de hacerlo = (just) for the fun of (doing) it.* por el que se puede cobrar = chargeable.* por el receptor = at the receiving end.* por el sexo = gendered.* por encargo = custom, bespoke.* por encima = overhead, cursorily.* por encima de = across, beyond, beyond all, over, over and above, beyond the range of, well over + Expresión Numérica, overarching, above.* por encima de + Cantidad = in excess of + Cantidad.* por encima de eso = beyond that.* por encima del 10 por ciento = double digit, double figure.* por encima de la media = above average.* por encima de la tierra = aboveground.* por encima de toda crítica = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda duda = beyond reproach, above reproach.* por encima de toda razón = beyond reason.* por encima de toda sospecha = above suspicion.* por encima de todo = at all costs, at any cost, at any price.* por ende = thereby, accordingly, therefore.* por enfado = out of anger.* por enojo = out of anger.* por error = by mistake.* por esa razón = thereby, for that reason.* por escrito = in writing, in print, written.* por eso = on that score, therefore.* por eso que = hence.* por esta razón = for this reason.* por esta única razón = for this reason alone.* por este motivo = for this reason.* por esto = thus, accordingly, therefore.* por etapas = staged.* por excelencia = par excellence, quintessential, unique.* por exceso = excessively, to excess.* por explotar = untapped.* por + Expresión Temporal = by the + Expresión Temporal.* por extensión = by extension.* por extenso = in full, at length.* por falta de = for want of, for lack of.* por fases = staged.* por favor = please.* por favor, responda = RSVP [R.S.V.P.].* por fin = at length, at last, finally, at long last.* por fin llegó la hora (de) = it's about time (that).* por frustración = out of frustration.* por fuera = outwardly, outwardly.* por grupos = in batches.* por gusto = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por hora = hourly.* por horas = on an hourly basis.* por igual = alike, on an equitable basis, equally, in equal measure(s).* por imitación = copycat.* por incremento gradual = incremental.* por incrementos graduales = incrementally.* por individuo = per capita, per person.* por iniciativa de = at the instigation of, under the auspices of.* por instinto = instinctively.* por interés = out of interest.* por interés personal = self-interested.* por investigar = unresearched.* por invitación = invitational.* por invitación de = at the invitation of.* por la borda = overboard.* por la cantidad de + Número = amounting to + Cantidad.* por la forma = by the way.* por la friolera de + Cantidad = to the tune of + Cantidad.* por la fuerza = forcibly.* por la mala fortuna = by ill fate.* por la mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by ill fate.* por la manera = by the way.* por la mañana = in the morning.* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.* por la posibilidad de = at the prospect of.* por la presente = hereby.* por las buenas o por las malas = by hook or by crook.* por la sencilla razón = for no other reason.* por las nubes = soaring.* por la tarde = in the evening.* por ley = mandated.* por libre = freelance.* por línea telefónica = over the telephone line.* por lo general = on the whole, all in all, in general, generally, generally speaking, in the normal run of events, in the normal run of things.* por lo pronto = for the time being.* por lo que = so.* por lo que concierne a = as far as + Nombre + be + concerned, so far as + Nombre + be concerned.* por lo que concierne a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* por lo que dicen todos = by all accounts.* por lo que es = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que incumbe a Uno = on + Posesivo + side.* ¡Por lo que más quieras! = for God's sake.* por lo que se refiere a = moving on to.* por lo que son = in + Posesivo + own right.* por lo que yo sé = to the best of my knowledge.* por los pelos = by the skin of + Posesivo + teeth, close call, close shave.* por los siguientes motivos = on the following counts.* por los suelos = in tatters.* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por lo visto = apparently, apparently.* por mala fortuna = unfortunately, unhappily, sadly.* por mala suerte = by ill luck, by bad luck, by a stroke of bad luck, by ill fate.* por mal camino = astray.* por más que lo intento = for the life of me.* por materias = subject-based, topically.* por mecionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention only a few.* por medio = out of.* por medio de = by means of, by way of, in the form of, through, via, via the medium of, by dint of, through the agency of.* por medio de isótopos = isotopically.* por medio de otro(s) = by proxy.* por medio de una agencia = on a bureau basis.* por mencionar sólo algunos = to mention but a few of, to mention only a few.* por mencionar sólo unos cuantos = to mention but a few of, to name only some.* por mencionar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por mencionar unos pocos = just to name a few.* por menús = menu-driven.* por méritos = meritorious.* por mes = per month.* por miedo de = for fear of/that.* por millones = in the millions, by the millions.* por mor de = because of, out of consideration for, out of respect for.* por motivo de = in the interest(s) of.* por motivos de = for the sake of, on grounds.* por motivos de + Nombre = for + Nombre's sake.* por muchas razones = in many ways.* por mucho que lo intento = for the life of me.* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + que + Subjuntivo = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio + Nombre + Verbo.* por muy + Adjetivo/Adverbio + que sea = however + Adjetivo/Adverbio.* por muy + Adjetivo + be = Adjetivo + though + Nombre + be.* por muy difícil que parezca = difficult though it may seem, difficult as it may seem.* por muy extraño que parezca = oddly enough, strangely enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, funnily enough, funnily.* por muy increíble que parezca = incredible though it may seem, incredibly, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, although it may seem incredible.* por muy mentira que parezca = incredibly, incredible though it may seem, strangely enough, incredibly enough, incredible as it may seem, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange, although it may seem incredible.* por muy raro que parezca = strangely enough, oddly enough, strange though it may seem, strange as it may seem, although it may seem strange.* por nada = for nothing.* por nada del mundo = for the life of me.* por nada or casi nada = at little or no extra cost.* por naturaleza = by nature, by definition, characteristically, natural-born, naturally, inherently.* por necesidad = of necessity, out of necessity.* por niveles = multilayered [multi-layered/multi layered], multilayer, layered, tiered.* por no decir algo peor = to put it mildly.* por no decir nada de = to say nothing of.* por no decir nunca = if ever.* por no decir otra cosa peor = to say the least.* por nombrar (sólo) + Número = to name (only) + Número.* por nombrar sólo unos cuantos = to name only some.* por nombrar sólo unos pocos = to name but a few.* por + Nombre = on a + Adjetivo + basis.* por no mencionar = not to mention.* por norma = as a rule.* por + Número + cosas = on + Número + counts.* por orden de = mandated.* por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.* por orden de llegada = on a first come first served basis.* por orden numérico = in numerical order.* por otra parte = on the other hand, on the other side, on the flip side.* por otro lado = alternatively, however, on the other hand, on the other side, for another thing, on the flip side, on another topic, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.* por parejas = in pairs.* por parte de = on the part of.* por parte de uno = on + Posesivo + part.* por pasar el rato = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por pereza = lazily.* por + Período de Tiempo = for + Expresión Temporal.* por persona = per person.* por placer = for kicks, (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por poco dinero = cheaply.* por poco o nada = at little or no extra cost.* por poderes = by proxy.* por poner un ejemplo + Adjetivo = to take a + Adjetivo + example.* por poner un ejemplo sobre + Nombre = to take + Nombre.* por + Posesivo + cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + parte = for + Posesivo + part.* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.* por primera vez = first + Verbo, for the first time, for once.* por principio = on principle.* por principios = as a matter of principle.* por probar nada se pierde = nothing ventured, nothing gained.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.* por pura curiosidad = just out of interest, (just) as a mater of interest.* por pura diversión = for kicks.* por puro entretenimiento = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por puro placer = (just) for the fun of (doing) it, (just) for the hell of (doing) it.* por qué = why.* por razones + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.* por razones de = for the sake of.* por razones de seguridad = for security reasons, for safety reasons.* por razones éticas = on moral grounds.* por razones morales = on moral grounds.* por razones personales = for personal reasons.* por + Reflexivo + cuenta = for + Reflexivo.* por rencor = out of spite.* por respeto a = out of respect for, out of consideration for.* por rumores = grapevine.* por rutina = routinely.* por sacos = by the sackful.* por satélite = satellite-based.* por segunda vez = a second time, the second time around, a second time around.* por seguridad = for safety reasons.* por semana = per week.* por separado = at different times, in isolation, separately, singly.* por ser + Adjetivo = as being + Adjetivo.* por sexo = along gender lines.* por si = in the chance that.* por si acaso = in case of, on the off chance, just in case, on spec, for good measure.* por si casualidad = in the chance that.* por si era poco = for good measure.* por si fuera poco = to boot, for good measure, to add insult to injury, to add salt to injury, to rub salt in the wound.* por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.* por si las moscas = just in case, on spec.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, in + Posesivo + own right, itself, unto + Reflexivo, in and of + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por simple curiosidad = (just) as a mater of interest, just out of interest.* por si sirve de algo = for what it's worth [FWIW].* por sí solo = by itself, for its/their own sake, on its own, in and of + Reflexivo, in itself.* por sí solos = by themselves, in themselves.* por si + tener + suerte = on spec.* por sorpresa = unawares.* por su cuenta y riesgo = at + Posesivo + own risk.* por suerte = luckily, fortunately, happily.* por suerte o por desgracia = for better or (for) worse, by luck or misfortune.* por su naturaleza = by + Posesivo + nature.* por su papel = in its role.* por su parte = in + Posesivo + own right.* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.* por su propio derecho = in + Posesivo + own right.* por supuesto = of course, surely, to be sure, certainly.* ¡por supuesto que no! = heaven forbid, heaven forbid.* por suscripción = subscriber + Nombre.* por su volatilidad = mercurially.* por su volubilidad = mercurially.* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por teléfono = on the telephone, by tele(phone), over the phone, over the telephone.* por temas = topically.* por temor a = for fear of/that.* por temor a represalias = under duress.* por término medio = on average.* por toda la ciudad = citywide [city-wide].* por toda la Internet = Internet-wide.* por toda la nación = nationwide [nation-wide].* por toda la provincia = province-wide.* por toda la vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todas las instituciones oficiales = government-wide.* por todas partes = all over the place, everywhere, widely, all around, far and wide.* por toda una vida = lifetime [life-time].* por todo = all over, throughout, all the way through.* por todo el campus universitario = campus-wide [campuswide].* por todo el continente = continent-wide.* por todo el distrito = district-wide [districtwide].* por todo el gobierno = government-wide.* por todo el mundo = worldwide [world-wide], around the world, across the globe, around the globe, across the world, around the planet, the world over.* por todo el planeta = across the planet, planet-wide.* por todo el servicio = service-wide.* por todo lo alto = grandly, on a grand scale.* por todo + Lugar = up and down + Lugar.* por todo + Nombre de Lugar = across + Nombre de Lugar.* por todos conocido = well-known.* por todos lados = left, right and centre, far and wide.* por todos los medios = by all means.* por todos sitios = everywhere.* por triplicado = in triplicate.* por trueque = in kind.* por turnos = on a rotating basis, on a rota basis, on a rota system, on a rota.* por última vez = for the last time, one last time.* por último = finally, last, lastly, ultimately.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* por una lado... por otro = at one end... at the other.* por unanimidad = unanimously.* por una parte = on the one hand, on the one side.* por un gran margen = by a huge margin.* por un gustazo, un trancazo = a kingdom for a kiss.* por unidad = per unit.* por un lado = for one, on the one hand, on the one side.* por un lado entra + Nombre + y por otro sale + Nombre = in go + Nombre + at one end, and out come + Nombre + at the other.* por un momento = for a moment.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* por unos momentos = for a few moments, for a short time.* por uno solo = solo.* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.* por un tiempo = for a time.* por un tiempo indefinido = for an indefinite time to come, for indefinite time.* por valor de + Cantidad = amounting to + Cantidad.* por varias razones = for a variety of reasons, for a number of reasons.* por varios motivos = for a number of reasons.* por venganza = out of spite.* por voluntad propia = voluntarily.* quedar por ver = remain + to be seen.* tirar dinero y esfuerzo por la borda = be money and effort down the drain.* transporte por tierra = land transport.* utilizar por primera vez = pioneer.* venta al por mayor = wholesaling.* * *A en relaciones causalesB segúnC ¿por qué?D en locucionesE en expresiones concesivasF1 en expresiones de modo2 indicando el medio3 EducaciónG1 en relaciones de proporción2 en multiplicacionesH1 en relaciones de sustitución etc2 por ejemploI comoA al expresar finalidad, objetivoB indicando consideración, favorC indicando inclinación, elecciónD en busca deE en lo que respecta aF indicando una situación pendienteG estar porA indicando lugar de acceso, salidaBC expresando lugar determinadoD indicando extensiónA expresando tiempo aproximadoB indicando una ocasiónC duranteA (en relaciones causales) because ofhe puesto esto aquí por el gato I've put this here because of the catnunca se lo dijo por miedo a perderla he never told her out of fear of losing her o because he was afraid of losing hereso te pasa por crédulo that's what you get for being (so) gulliblelo conseguimos por él we got it thanks to himella es así por naturaleza she's like that by naturelo hace por necesidad he does it out of necessityno se acabó por falta de dinero it wasn't finished for o because of o owing to lack of moneyel final no por conocido me resulta menos triste knowing how it ends doesn't make it any less sadpor su alto contenido en proteínas because of o owing to its high protein contenttanto por su precio como por su practicidad both for its price and its practical designfue por eso por lo que no te llamé or fue por eso que no te llamé that was the reason o that was why I didn't call youprecisamente por eso no dije nada that's precisely why I didn't say anythingla muerte se produjo por asfixia he suffocated, death was caused by suffocation ( frml)éste serviría si no fuera por el color this one would do if it weren't for the colorfue elogiado por su excelente actuación he was praised for his excellent performancepor + INF for -INGme pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to meB (según) frompor lo que he oído from what I've heardpor lo que parece no va a volver it seems o it would seem he's not coming backpor mi experiencia diría que … from my experience, I would say that …C ( fam):¿por? why?¿con quién vas? — con Daniel ¿por? who are you going with? — with Daniel, why? o why do you want to know?D ( en locuciones):por qué why¿por qué lloras? why are you crying?¿por qué no vienes a almorzar a casa? why don't you come to my house for lunch?por si in casellévate una muda, por si tuvieras que quedarte take a change of clothes (just) in case you have to stayE (en expresiones concesivas) por … QUE:por más que me esfuerzo me sigue saliendo mal no matter how hard I try o however hard I try, I still can't get it right(+ subj): por (muy) fácil que se lo pongan, no creo que lo sepa hacer however easy o no matter how easy they make it for him I don't think he'll be able to do itF1(en expresiones de modo): clasifícalos por tamaño classify them according to size o by sizecolóquense por orden de altura line up in order of heightpor adelantado in advancepor escrito in writing2(indicando el medio): se lo comunicaron por teléfono they told him over the phonelo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radiolo mandaron por avión/barco they sent it by air/seapor carretera by roadla conocí por la voz I recognized the o her voice, I recognized her by her voiceme enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friendconocido por el nombre de Pancho known as Pancholo intenté por todos los medios I tried everything possible o every possible way3 ( Educación):es doctor honoris causa por Oxford he has an honorary doctorate from Oxfordun graduado en ciencias políticas por la universidad de Granada a graduate in political science from the university of GranadaG1(en relaciones de proporción): cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hourlo venden por metro they sell it by the metertú comes por tres you eat enough for three peoplehabía un hombre por cada dos mujeres there was one man to every two womentiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wideya hemos hecho bastante por hoy we've done enough for todaylos hizo entrar uno por uno she made them come in one by one o one at a timeexaminar un escrito punto por punto to go through a document point by point(en multiplicaciones): tres por cuatro (son) doce three times four is twelve, three fours are twelveH1(en relaciones de sustitución, intercambio, representación): su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalfyo puedo ir por ti I can go for you o in your placepor toda respuesta se encogió de hombros all he did was shrug his shoulderstú podrías pasar por inglesa you could pass as English o for an Englishwomante dan uno nuevo por dos viejos they give you one new one in exchange for two old oneses senador por Canarias he's a senator for the Canary Islands2(como): por ejemplo for example¿acepta usted por esposa a Carmen? do you take Carmen to be your (lawful wedded) wife?un lugar frecuentado por muchos famosos a place frequented by many famous peoplese vieron sorprendidos por una tormenta they were caught in a sudden stormla ocupación de la fábrica por (parte de) los obreros the occupation of the factory by the workersA(al expresar finalidad, objetivo): se estaban peleando por la pelota they were fighting over the balllo hace por el dinero he does it for the moneyte lo digo por tu bien I'm telling you for your own goodpor + INF:daría cualquier cosa por verte contento I'd give anything to see you happyno entré por no molestar I didn't go in so as not to disturb him o because I didn't want to disturb himeso es hablar por hablar that's talking for the sake of talking o for the sake of itestaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to himrecemos por que lleguen a un acuerdo let's pray that they'll come to an agreementsiguieron luchando por que se hiciera justicia they continued fighting for justice to be doneB(indicando consideración, favor): haría cualquier cosa por ti I'd do anything for youintercede por nosotros intercede for uspor mí no lo hagas don't do it just for me o for my sakeC(indicando inclinación, elección): su amor por la música her love of musicdemostró gran interés por el cuadro he showed great interest in the paintingno siento nada por él I don't feel anything for himopté por no ir I chose not to govotó por ella he voted for her¿por la afirmativa? all those in favor?se manifestaron por el derecho al aborto they demonstrated for the right to abortionestar por algn ( fam); to be crazy about sbD(en busca de): salió/fue poror ( Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some breadE(en lo que respecta a): por mí no hay inconveniente I don't mindque haga lo que le dé la gana, por mí … let him do what he likes, as far as I'm concerned …F (indicando una situación pendiente) por + INF:tengo toda la casa por limpiar I've got the whole house to cleanestos cambios aún están por hacer these changes have still not been made o are yet to be madeG( AmL) estar por + INF (estar a punto de): deben de estar por llegar they should be arriving any minutela leche está por hervir the milk's about to boilA(indicando lugar de acceso, salida, trayectoria): entró por la ventana he came in through the windowsal por aquí go out this wayel acceso al edificio es por la calle Lamas you enter the building from Lamas Streetel piano no va a pasar por la puerta the piano won't go through the doorse cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairssubieron por la ladera este they went up by the east face¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?fuimos por el camino más largo we took the longer routeno vayas por ahí que te vas a perder don't go that way, you'll get lost¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?¿puedes pasar por la tintorería? could you call in at o drop by the drycleaner's?B(expresando lugar indeterminado): está por ahí he's over there somewhere¿por dónde está or queda el restaurante? whereabouts is the restaurant?viven por el sur/por mi barrio they live in the south somewhere/around my areahace mucho que no lo vemos por aquí we haven't seen him around here for ages¿qué tal te fue por Londres? how did you get on in London?C(expresando lugar determinado): corta por aquí cut herevoy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15empieza por el principio start at the beginningagárralo por el mango hold it by the handleD(indicando extensión): lo he buscado por todos lados or por todas partes I've looked everywhere for itla epidemia se extendió por todo el país the epidemic spread throughout the (whole) countryestuvimos viajando por el norte de Francia we were traveling around o in the North of Francefuimos a caminar por la playa we went for a walk along the beachpasa un trapo por el piso give the floor a quick wipeA(expresando tiempo aproximado): por aquella época at that timepor aquel entonces vivían en Pozuelo at that time they were living in Pozuelosucedió por allá por 1960 it happened some time back around 1960B ( Esp) (indicando una ocasión) forme lo regalaron por mi cumpleaños they gave it to me for my birthdaypor Semana Santa pensamos ir a Londres we're thinking of going to London for EasterC (durante) forpor los siglos de los siglos for ever and everno se lo confío ni por un minuto I wouldn't trust him with it for a minutepuede quedar así por el momento or por ahora it can stay like that for the time being o for now* * *
por preposición
1 ( causa) because of;◊ por falta de dinero because of o owing to lack of money;
por naturaleza by nature;
por necesidad out of necessity;
por eso no dije nada that's why I didn't say anything;
fue por eso que no te llamé that was why I didn't call you;
si no fuera por mi hijo … if it wasn't for my son …;
me pidió perdón por haberme mentido he apologized for lying o for having lied to me
2 ( en locs)
no dijo por qué he didn't say why;
¿por qué no vienes conmigo? why don't you come with me?;
por si in case;
por si no entiende in case he doesn't understand;
See Also→ acaso 2, mosca
3 ( en expresiones concesivas):◊ por más que me esfuerzo however hard o no matter how hard I try;
por (muy) fácil que sea however easy o no matter how easy it is
4a) ( modo):
por adelantado in advance;
por escrito in writingb) ( medio):
lo dijeron por la radio they said it on the radio;
por avión by air;
la conocí por la voz I recognized her by her voice;
me enteré por un amigo I heard from o through a friend
5a) ( proporción):◊ cobra $30 por clase he charges $30 a o per class;
120 kilómetros por hora 120 kilometers an o per hour;
por metro/docena by the meter/dozen;
tú comes por tres you eat enough for three people;
tiene tres metros de largo por uno de ancho it's three meters long by one meter wide;
uno por uno one by one;
See Also→ ciento sustantivo masculino bb) ( en multiplicaciones):
6
◊ su secretaria firmó por él his secretary signed for him o on his behalf;
pasa por inglesa she passes for an Englishwomanb) ( como):
7 ( introduciendo el agente) by;
1 (finalidad, objetivo):
lo hace por el dinero he does it for the money;
no entré por no molestarlo I didn't go in because I didn't want to disturb him;
por que + subj (here por que can also be written porque): estaba ansioso por que lo escucharan he was eager for them to listen to him
2 (indicando inclinación, elección):
no siento nada por él I don't feel anything for him;
votó por ella he voted for her
3 ( en busca de): salió/fue por or (Esp) a por pan he went (out) for some bread, he went (out) to get some bread
4 ( en lo que respecta a):◊ por mí que haga lo que quiera as far as I'm concerned, he can do what he likes
5 (esp AmL) estar por + inf ( estar a punto de) to be about to + inf;
deben (de) estar por llegar they should be arriving any minute
1a) ( lugar):
sal por aquí go out this way;
se cayó por la escalera he fell down the stairs;
¿el 121 va por (la) Avenida Rosas? does the 121 go along Rosas Avenue?;
¿por dónde has venido? which way did you come?;
está por ahí he's over there somewhere;
¿por dónde está el hotel? whereabouts is the hotel?;
viven por mi barrio they live around my area;
voy por la página 15 I'm up to o I'm on page 15;
empieza por el principio start at the beginning;
agárralo por el mango hold it by the handle
◊ viajamos por el norte de Francia we traveled around o in the North of France;
ver tb dentro, fuera, encima, etc
2 ( tiempo) for;
por el momento or por ahora for the time being, for now;
ver tb mañana, tarde, noche
3 (Esp) ( ocasión) for;
por preposición
1 (autoría) by: está escrito por mí, it was written by me
2 (camino, lugar) through: viajamos por Castilla, we travelled round Castilla
3 (medio) lo enviaron por avión, they sent it by plane
me enteré por el periódico, I read about it in the newspaper
4 (motivo, causa) because of
por tu culpa, because of you
(en favor de) for: hazlo por ellos, do it for their sake
por la libertad, for freedom
5 (en torno a) por San Juan, near Saint John's Day
6 (durante) por la mañana/noche, in the morning/at night
por el momento, for the time being
7 (a través) entramos por la puerta, we got in through the door
miramos por la ventana, we looked out (of) the window
pasamos por la ciudad, we went through the town
8 (sobre, por encima de) cruzaremos por el puente, we'll cross the bridge
9 (delante de) paso todos los días por tu casa, I go by your house every day
10 (a cambio de) for: te doy mi helado por tu yogur, I'll swap you my ice-cream for your yoghurt
11 (en una distribución, cálculo) por cabeza, a head, per person
mil pesetas por hora, a thousand pesetas per hour
dos mil revoluciones por minuto, two thousand revolutions per minute
12 (en una multiplicación) dos por dos, cuatro, two times two is four
un diez por ciento, ten per cent
13 (con infinitivo) in order to, so as to
trabajar por trabajar, to work for the sake of it
♦ Locuciones: por así decirlo, so to speak
por más/mucho que..., no matter how...
por qué, why
' por' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abogar
- abonar
- abonarse
- abotargada
- abotargado
- abuelo
- acabar
- acaso
- accidente
- acercarse
- acertar
- aclamación
- acomplejada
- acomplejado
- acomplejarse
- acoquinar
- acostumbrar
- actual
- adelantada
- adelantado
- adivinar
- admitir
- adoración
- aérea
- aéreo
- afanarse
- afectada I
- afectado
- afición
- agradecer
- aguantar
- ahí
- ahogada
- ahogado
- ahora
- ahorcarse
- ahorrar
- aire
- alegrarse
- algo
- allá
- allí
- almacén
- alquiler
- alta
- alto
- aludida
- aludido
- amarga
English:
A
- aback
- ablaze
- about
- above
- absence
- absorb
- accident
- accidentally
- acclaim
- accompany
- accord
- accordingly
- account
- accustom
- actual
- actually
- add to
- advocate
- after
- afternoon
- again
- against
- air
- airmail
- alert
- allowance
- alone
- alphabetically
- alternately
- amble
- amends
- amok
- angry
- annihilate
- annoy
- answer for
- answering service
- antipathy
- anxious
- anywhere
- apologetic
- apologize
- appal
- appall
- apparently
- appearance
- appease
- appointment
- appreciate
* * *por prep1. [indica causa] because of;llegó tarde por el tráfico she was late because of the traffic;lo hizo por amor he did it out of o for love;me disculpé por llegar tarde I apologized for arriving late;miré dentro por simple curiosidad I looked inside out of pure curiosity;accidentes por conducción temeraria accidents caused by reckless driving;muertes por enfermedades cardiovasculares deaths from cardiovascular disease;no quise llamar por la hora (que era) I didn't want to call because of the time;cerrado por vacaciones/reformas [en letrero] closed for holidays/alterations;por mí no te preocupes don't worry about me;Espfue por eso por lo que tuvimos tantos problemas, Am [m5] fue por eso que tuvimos tantos problemas that's why we had so many problems;eso te pasa por (ser tan) generoso that's what you get for being so generous;la razón por (la) que dimite the reason (why) she is resigning;¿por qué? why?;¿por qué no vienes? why don't you come?;¿por qué lo preguntas? – por nada why do you ask? – no reason;Fam¿por? why?;por si in case;por si se te olvida in case you forget2. [indica indicio]por lo que me dices/lo que he oído no debe de ser tan difícil from what you say/what I've heard, it can't be that difficult;por lo que tengo entendido, viven juntos as I understand it, they live together, my understanding is that they live together;por lo visto, por lo que se ve apparently3. [indica finalidad] (antes de infinitivo) (in order) to;* * *prp1 motivo for, because of;lo hace por mí he does it for me;lo hizo por amor she did it out of o for love;luchó por sus ideales he fought for his ideals;por miedo a ofenderle for fear of upsetting her;vino por verme he came to see me2 medio by;por avión by air;por correo by mail, Brtb by post3 tiempo:por un año/un segundo for a year/a second;por la mañana in the morning;por Navidad around Christmas:por la calle down the street;por un tunel through a tunnel;por aquí this way5 posición aproximada around, about;está por aquí it’s around here (somewhere);vive por el centro de la ciudad she lives somewhere around the center of town6 cambio:por cincuenta pesos for fifty pesos;por cabeza each, a head:por hora an o per hour;dos por dos two times two;¿por qué? why?;por el que … the reason why …;esa factura aún está por pagar that invoice still has to be paid;tomar por esposa marry;por difícil que sea however difficult it might be* * *por prep1) : for, duringse quedaron allí por la semana: they stayed there during the weekpor el momento: for now, at the moment2) : around, duringpor noviembre empieza a nevar: around November it starts to snowpor la mañana: in the morning3) : around (a place)debe estar por allí: it must be over therepor todas partes: everywhere4) : by, through, alongpor la puerta: through the doorpasé por tu casa: I stopped by your housepor la costa: along the coast5) : for, for the sake oflo hizo por su madre: he did it for his mother¡por Dios!: for heaven's sake!6) : because of, on account ofllegué tarde por el tráfico: I arrived late because of the trafficdejar por imposible: to give up as impossible7) : per60 millas por hora: 60 miles per hourpor docena: by the dozen8) : for, in exchange for, instead ofsu hermana habló por él: his sister spoke on his behalf9) : by means ofhablar por teléfono: to talk on the phonepor escrito: in writing10) : as forpor mí: as far as I'm concerned11) : timestres por dos son seis: three times two is six12) según: from, according topor lo que dices: judging from what you're telling me13) : as, forpor ejemplo: for example14) : byhecho por mi abuela: made by my grandmotherpor correo: by mail15) : for, in order tolucha por ganar su respeto: he struggles to win her respectestar por : to be about topor ciento : percentpor favor : pleasepor lo tanto : therefore, consequently¿por qué? : why?por... que : no matter howpor mucho que intente: no matter how hard I trypor si orpor si acaso : just in case* * *por prep1. (a través de) through2. (la calle) along / down3. (indica camino) via / by6. (a causa de) because of7. (a fin de) to / in order to8. (indica el autor) by9. (en favor o defensa de) for10. (multiplicado) times11. (a cambio de) for12. (en vez de) instead ofir por / ir a por to fetch¡ve a por mis zapatillas, por favor! fetch my slippers, please!por lo general generally / usuallypor si... in case...¿por qué? why? -
14 KENNA
* * *(-da, -dr), v.1) to know, recognize (Flosi kenndi Kára, er hann kom í stofuna);2) to know as one’s own, claim (kenna sér land);3) to assign or attribute to one (þá var ok ár um öll lönd, kenndu Svíar þat Frey);kenna e-m barn, to father a child upon one;4) kenna e-m e-t, to lay to one’s charge, impute (ef hann væri sannr verks þessa, er honum var kennt);kenna e-m um e-t, to charge one with a thing (Þorgeirr vildi ekki, at brœðrum hans mætti um kenna);5) to taste food or drink (kenna e-t or e-s);6) to feel, perceive, with acc. and gen. (ek kennda þín eigi, er þú hvíldir á brjósti mér);kenna sætan ilm, to perceive a sweet smell;kenna hita (kulda) af e-u, to feel heat (cold) from;kenna aflsmunar, liðsmunar, to feel the odds;hón kenndi í meira lagi, she felt considerable pain;absol., þá er þeir kómu upp í heiðina, kenndi at brá lit, the colour was felt to change, it began to darken;mér kennir heiptar við e-n, I feel hatred against one;kenna niðr, to touch the bottom (en er skipin kenndu niðr, þá gekk jarl á land);7) to show, bear witness of (virðist mér ákall þetta meirr kenna ranglætis en réttvísi);8) to call, name;kenna e-t við e-n, to call after one (Helgi trúði á Krist, ok kenndi því við hann bústað sinn);9) in poetry, to call by a periphrastic name (hvernig skal kenna sól, vind);10) kenna e-m e-t, to teach one a thing (kenna e-m rétta trú ok góða siðu);ek hefi kennt þér írsku at mæla, I have taught thee to speak Irish;11) to make one do a thing (kenna e-m bíta);12) refl., kennast, to seem, appear (Ulfr kennist mér vitr maðr);recipr., svá var myrkt, at þeir kenndust eigi, that they did not know one another;goldit var honum þetta svá, at hann mun lengi kennast, he was repaid for this in a way that he will long remember;kennast við, to recognize (kenndist hann af því þegar við mennina); to confess, acknowledge (at þeir mætti við kennast sinn lítilleik).* * *d, kennig, Hm. 164; part. kennandisk, Bs. i. 322, H. E. i. 499, Dipl. iv. 8; [Goth. kunnan; A. S. knáwan; Old Engl. and Scot. ken; Dan. kjende; Swed. känna]:—to ken, know, recognise; þú kennir konu þá er heitir Oddný, Fms. vii. 103, Hkv. 2. 12; hann kenndi hann þegar, Nj. 9; Flosi kenndi Kára er hann kom í stofuna, 282; hann kenndi skipit, því at hann hafði þat skip séð fyrr, Eg. 120; þar kenndi Ingimundr lönd þau er honum var til vísat, Landn. 175, Sd. 186; þóttisk hann kenna sitt mark á vísu þessari, Fms. iii. 20: with infin., þeir kenndu at þat var Eirekr viðsjá, Ísl. ii. 335; er þetta hann Skalla-grímr? Grímr sagði at hann kenndi rétt, Eg. 112; kennir þú nökkut til gripa þessara! Nj. 75.II. kenna sér e-t, to know as one’s own, claim; kenna sér land, Grág. ii. 204; hann á eigi þat er hann kennir sér, 219; Ingimundr kenndi sér fimm víntunnur … þú munt kenna þér þat er aðrir menn eigu, Bs. i. 433; því kenndi hvárr-tveggi sér nautin, Landn. 47; at enginn dirfi sik at kenna sér þat er hann görir eigi, Al. 88; ek spyrr hverr sér kenni M. M. at þingmanni, Grág. i. 19.III. to acknowledge as belonging to another, attribute to him; öll vár góðverk eru honum at kenna ok eigna, Stj. 25; þá var ok ár um öll lönd, kenndu Svíar þat Frey, Hkr. i. 16; hér er tunglinu kennt embætti sólarinnar, Skálda 211; k. e-m barn, to father a child upon one, Bs. i. 807, K. Á. 16; var sveinn sá kenndr Jóni er Þórarinn hét, Sturl. i. 223; þó at hann sé kenndr nokkurum manni at syni, Grág. ii. 113, (kenningar-son, a natural son): cp. the phrase, þar er enginn kenndr sem hann kemr ekki, no one is known where he comes not, i. e. men had better keep aloof from where they have no business to be.2. to lay to one’s charge, impute; Ásbjörn kenndi sér völd um þat harðrétti, Rd. 249; Eva kenndi sína synd orminum, Stj. 37; ef þeim eru engir laga-lestir kenndir, Grág. ii. 41; ef meiri eru ráð kennd um konu-nám þeim manni, i. 335; ef hann væri sannr verks þessa er honum var kennt, Fms. ii. 73; Sigurðr taldi þat úsatt sem Ingi konungr kenndi þeim, vii. 242; þeir kenndu honum, at hann hefði verit at vígi Benteins, 224; kenndi þat hvárr öðrum, at ekki héldi þat er mælt var, 248; það er mér að kenna, it is brought home to me; yðr er þat kenna, Am. 51: k. e-m um e-t, to charge one with a thing; Þorgeirr vildi ekki at bræðrum hans mætti um kenna, hvat sem í görðisk, Nj. 252; kenndu þeir því mest um, at Kjartan hafði þegit skikkjuna, Fms. x. 295.IV. to know, perceive, feel, taste, scent; þegar hirðin hafði kennt ( tasted) fyrsta rétt, Fas. iii. 302; þeir kenna svá sætan ilm at þeir höfðu aldri fyrr slíkan kenndan, Fms. i. 228; kenna fúlt, to perceive a foul smell, Hallfred; kenna daun, Fms. viii. 230; þeir brugðu í munn sér ok þóttusk ekki jafnsætt kennt hafa, Fb. i. 539; hundarnir röktu sporin, þvíat þeir kenndu ( got scent of) af hreinstökunum, Ó. H. 152; kenndi djákninn ekki ( he felt not) at þeir lægi á honum, Bs. i. 464; hón kenndi ( she felt pain) í meira lagi, þá er nálgaðisk hátíð Þorláks biskups, 323.β. kenna niðr (or niðri), to touch the bottom; en er skipin kenndu niðr þá gékk jarl á land, Hkr. i. 206; ok er skipit kenndi niðr, hlupu þeir fyrir borð, Grett. 97, Fms. viii. 317, ix. 23; svá var djúpt á bæði borð, at forkarnir kenndu eigi niðr, it was so deep that the boat-hooks did not reach the bottom, Ld. 56; þá er skipit flaut ok eigi kenndi niðr, 78.γ. absol., þá er þeir kómu upp í heiðina, kenndi at brá lit, the colour was felt to change, i. e. it began to darken, Sturl. iii. 217 C; þá kenndi ( one could scent) ór laukinum, Fbr. 215; þá er maðr heilundi er köra (acc. or gen.?) kennir inn til heila-basta, Grág. ii. 91.2. with prepp.; kenna af (á, at), to perceive, see; þess kennir nú at (af?) at þér þykkir ek févani, it is clear that …, I see that …, Eb. 38; kenndi þess mjök á ( it was much to be seen) um marga Upplendinga, at ílla hafði líkat aftaka Þóris, Ó. H. 188; þess kenna margir af, at þú ert frændstórr, Fb. ii. 270; deyr allt þat er af kennir ( all die that taste or smell of it), þeir deyja þegar er þeir kenna af, Rb. 352:—kenna til, to smart, feel pain, ache, freq. in mod. usage.3. with gen. to have feeling of, feel; kenna mæði, lo be exhausted, Eg. 124; hjarta manns kennir alls, Skálda 169; kenna sóttar, to feel sickness; kona kennir sér sóttar, of childbirth, Fs. 26, Fas. ii. 504, Sd. 176: kenna karlmanns, to ‘know’ a man, cohabit with, Mar.; ek kennda eigi karlmanns, barn at bera, Hom. 30; kenna aflsmunar, liðsmunar, ríkismunar, to feel the odds, be overmatched, Hkr. i. 286, Fms. iv. 331, Ld. 38; kenna harðinda, Fms. vi. 110; kenna kulda af e-u, to feel cold from, Eb. 42; k. hita af e-u, Bs. i. 42; k. odds, benja, to feel the point, the wound, Am. 59, 88; virðisk mér ákall þetta meir kenna ranglætis en réttvísi, it is more prompted by overbearing than by justice, Fb. i. 19; hón kenndi þess at þar stóð ör í, ii. 365; nú má vera at mér kenni heiptar við suma menn, that I feel hatred against somebody, Sturl. iii. 233; tók þá at kenna annars litar, it began to grow dark, 171; vínviðr var efst þar sem holta kenndi, the holts were covered with vines, Þorf. Karl. 420; kenna fæðu, to taste food, Stj. 490, 492; but also k. á fæðu, 453, 517; kenna grunns, to touch the bottom, of a ship or anything afloat, Grág. ii. 353; k. endi-skeiðs, Bragi.V. to call, name; kenna e-t við e-n, to call after one; Helgi trúði á Krist, ok kenndi því við hann bústað sinn, i. e. called it after Christ (Christness), Landn. 207; í þeim fjórðungi er dómrinn er við kenndr, in the quarter by which name the court is called, Grág. i. 65; at helga Þór allt landnám sitt ok kenna við hann, Landn. 97; k. mánuðinn við þann mann sem vatnsins gætir, Rb. 104; við þann er kennt Gunnars-holt, Nj. 29; Oddbjörn er Oddbjarnar-leið er við kennd, Eg. 102; Fleiri hlupu þeir fyrir berg, þar sem við þá er kennt síðan, Landn. 36; kenna þá með margfjölda atkvæði, address them in the plural, Sks. 312; sá var kenndr ( nicknamed) Knarrar-smiðr Ór, 43; Nótt en Nörvi kennda, i. e. Night, the daughter of Norvi, Alm. 30; hvar eru Hjörvarði haugar kenndir, where are the hows called Hjorward’s? Fas. i. 519 (in a verse); Mæringr mér of kenndr, my own sword M., Bjarn. (in a verse); hlutir er þú skal varask, at þú verðir eigi við kenndr, Sks. 358, 780; kenndr við styr, morð, connected with, Korm.2. in poetry, to call by a periphrasis or descriptive name; rétt er at kenna ( to call) hana (a woman) svá, at kalla hana selju þess er hón miðlar, Edda; hvernig skal kenna Þór?—Svá at kalla hann son Óðins …, how is Thor to be called?—Thus, call him the ‘son of Odin,’ 53: hvernig skal kenna mann?—Hanna skal k. við verk sín, 67: with prep., kona er kennd við stein, Edda; ok kenn þó hvárn til sinnar iðnar, Fms. vi. 362; konu skal k. til alls kvenn-búnaðar, Edda, etc., see Edda (Skáldskm.) passim; hence kennd heiti ( compound or circumlocutory names), opp. to ókennd heiti ( plain appellatives), Edda 49.B. In a causal sense, [Goth. kannjan = γνωρίζειν]:—to teach, with acc. of the thing, dat. of the person, or with infin. of the thing or absol.; kenna e-m íþróttir, Fms. v. 334; kenna e-m rétta trú ok góða siðu, i. 17; kenn mér engan sann, iii. 85; Gunnarr fór með öllu sem honum var ráð til kennt, as he was taught, Nj. 100; kenn þú ráðit til, Fms. x. 334; kenna e-m at flýja, Hkr. i. 149; ek hefi kennt þér Írsku at mæla, Ld. 72; kenna helgar ritningar, 623. 18; þing-kenna, to proclaim in public, N. G. L. i. 7; far sem ek kenni þér, as I tell thee, Sd. 182; ek em sunr Áka, svá er mér til kennt, so I am told, Fms. xi. 153.2. to teach in school; Andresi syni þeirra lét Herra biskup kenna ok vígði síðan, Bs. i. 716; kenna kenningar, to preach, 140; þá heyrði hann til er prestlingum var kennd íþrótt sú er grammatica heitir, 163; k. prestlingum, id.; þat kann ek it átjánda er ek æva kennig mey né manns konn, Hm. 164; ungr kenndak mér annat, I was taught otherwise when young, Fms. vi. 401 (in a verse); slíkt kennir mér at sofa lítið, Fas. ii. (in a verse).3. to teach, make one to do; kenna e-m falda rauðu, Edda (Ht.); kenna e-m bíta, lúta í gras, Lex. Poët.; kenna e-m at drúpa, Sighvat; k. e-m brautir, to shew one the way, Hðm. 12, Hbl. 56; ek mun þér stöðna kenna, 6.4. to tell; kennit mér nafn konungs, Hkv. Hjörv. 12.C. REFLEX. to feel, seem to oneself; þar er hann lætr kennask svá ágætan ilm, Fms. i. 229; Úlfr kennisk mér ( appears to one to be) vitr maðr, v. 334:—with prep., kennask við, to recognise; kenndisk hann af því þegar við mennina, Nj. 267, Bret. 48; ef engi kennisk viðr, N. G. L. i. 345; dilkunum þeim er eigi kennask ær við, Grág. ii. 312: to confess, kennask við sannan Guð, 625. 66; þeir eigu at kennask við sik, at þeir hafa vald af Guði, Gþl. 43; at þeir mætti við kennask sinn lítilleik, Edda. (pref.); ekki kennumk ek við þetta, segir Hrói, Fb. ii. 76; nefndr Skeggi viðr-kenndisk, at …, Dipl. ii. 8; nú em ek eigi svá heimskr maðr, at ek kennumk eigi við at ek hefi talat ílla, Fms. ii. 33; goldit var honum þetta svá, at hann mun lengi kennask, feel it, remember it, Edda. 30; kenndisk svá Kálfr, at, Vm. 48; ek kennumst með þessu mínu bréfi, at …, Dipl. v. 5.2. to feel, taste, touch; mold sýnisk mér, ok svá kennisk ( tastes) mér eigi síðr ostrinn er ek et, Ísl. ii. 352; hón þreifar um hann,—Barði mælti, hvé kennisk þér til, how is it to the touch? 342; slíks ek mest kennumk, Am. 52.II. recipr. to know, recognise one another; svá var myrkt at þeir kenndusk eigi, Fms. ix, 50; ef þeir höfðu hér áðr við kennsk, Grág. ii. 72.III. pass., þá kenndust ( were taught) margar ástir, Edda pref. (rare).IV. part. kenndr, vinsæll ok vel kenndr af sínum undirmönnum, Mar.; ílla kenndr, having ill report, Fs. 49.2. tipsy; kenndr af drykk, Stj. 172; hann er dálítið kenndr. -
15 Á
* * *a negative suffix to verbs, not;era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.* * *1.á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.WITH DAT.A. Loc.I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.WITH ACC.A. Loc.I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.B. TEMP.I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.C. Metaph. and in various relations:I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.VI. connected with nouns,1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.2.f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr. -
16 mismo
adj.same, selfsame, self-same, very same.adv.himself, per se, as such, in itself.El hombre mismo The man himself. El mismo hombre = The same man.* * *► adjetivo1 (idéntico) same2 (enfático) very1 same1 same\yo (ti, etc) mismo,-a myself (yourself, etc)■ con el sr. Suárez por favor --yo mismo may I speak to Mr Suárez please? --speakinglo mismo da it doen't mattero lo que es lo mismo that is to say¡por eso mismo! preciselyvolver a las mismas / estar en las mismas to be back at square one————————► adverbio1 same* * *(f. - misma)adj.1) same2) very3) oneself* * *1. ADJ1) (=igual) samerespondieron al mismo tiempo — they answered together, they answered at the same time
•
el mismo... que — the same... as2) [reflexivo]valerse 2)3) [enfático]a) [relativo a personas]yo mismo lo vi — I saw it myself, I saw it with my own eyes
-¿quién responde? -a ver, tú mismo — "who's going to answer?" - "well, why don't you answer yourself!"
b) [relativo a cosas]-¿cuál quieres? -ese mismo — "which one do you want?" - "that one there"
-¡es un canalla! -eso mismo pienso yo — "he's a swine!" - "my thoughts exactly"
en todos los países europeos, España misma incluida — in all European countries, including Spain itself
Ana es la generosidad misma — Ana is generosity itself, Ana is the epitome of generosity
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por eso mismo, era pobre y por eso mismo su ascenso tiene más mérito — he was poor and for that very reason his promotion is all the more commendable4) [como pronombre]-¿y qué edad tienes tú? -la misma que él — "and how old are you?" - "I'm the same age as him"
-¿es usted la señorita Sánchez? -¡la misma! — "are you Miss Sánchez?" - "I am indeed!"
5)•
lo mismo —a) (=la misma cosa) the same (thing)¡hombre, no es lo mismo! — it's not the same (thing) at all!
- son unos canallas -lo mismo digo yo — "they're swine" - "that's (exactly) what I say"
-¡enhorabuena! -lo mismo digo — "congratulations!" - "likewise" o "the same to you"
- eres un sinvergüenza -lo mismo te digo — "you're completely shameless" - "you too" o "so are you"
-¿qué desea de beber? -lo mismo (de antes), por favor — "what would you like to drink?" - "(the) same again, please"
cuando le interese a él, o lo que es lo mismo, nunca — when it suits him, in other words never
•
por lo mismo, no es inteligente y por lo mismo tiene que estudiar el doble — he's not clever, which is exactly why he has to study twice as hard•
lo mismo que, le dijo lo mismo que yo — she told him the same thing o the same as she told meno es lo mismo hablar en público que en privado — it's not the same thing to talk in public as to talk in private
b)• dar lo mismo, da lo mismo — it's all the same, it makes no difference
me da lo mismo, lo mismo me da — I don't mind, it's all the same to me
c) * (=a lo mejor)no lo sé todavía, pero lo mismo voy — I don't know yet, but I may well come
pídeselo, lo mismo te lo presta — ask him for it; you never know, he may lend it to you
d)• lo mismo que (=al igual que) —
en Europa, lo mismo que en América — in Europe, (just) as in America
lo mismo que usted es médico yo soy ingeniero — just as you are a doctor, so I am an engineer
suspendí el examen, lo mismo que Íñigo — I failed the exam, just like Íñigo
yo, lo mismo que mi padre, odio el baloncesto — I hate basketball, just like my father
nos divertimos lo mismo que si hubiéramos ido al baile — we had just as good a time as if we had gone to the dance
e)• lo mismo... que (=tanto... como) —
aquí lo mismo te venden una vajilla que una bicicleta — they'll sell you anything here, from a dinner service to a bicycle
2.ADV [enfático]hazlo ahora mismo — do it right away o now
ahora mismo acabo de hablar con él — I've just been talking to him, I was talking to him only a moment ago
•
aquí mismo, -¿dónde lo pongo? -aquí mismo — "where shall I put it?" - "right here"•
así mismo, -¿cómo quieres el filete? -así mismo está bien — "how would you like your steak?" - "it's fine as it is"•
ayer mismo — only yesterday•
hoy mismo, he llegado hoy mismo — I just arrived today•
mañana mismo, llegará mañana mismo — he's arriving tomorrow, no less* * *I- ma adjetivo1)a) (delante del n) ( expresando identidad) samehacer dos cosas al mismo tiempo — to do two things at once o at the same time
b) (como pron) same¿usted es Pedro Lecue? - el mismo — are you Pedro Lecue? - I am indeed o that's right
en las mismas: no ha llegado, así que seguimos en las mismas it hasn't arrived so we're no further on; si vienes tú pero falta él, estamos en las mismas — if you come but he doesn't turn up, then we're no better off
2) ( uso enfático)a) (refiriéndose a lugares, momentos, cosas)eso mismo pienso yo — that's exactly o just what I think
b) ( refiriéndose a personas)te perjudicas a ti mismo — you're only spiting o hurting yourself
3)lo mismo — ( la misma cosa)
lo mismo para mí — the same for me, please
dar lo mismo: me da lo mismo si lo rompe I don't care if he breaks it; le da lo mismo con o sin azúcar he doesn't mind with or without sugar; da lo mismo quién lo haga — it doesn't matter o it makes no difference who does it
4)a) (fam) ( expresando posibilidad)te ve por la calle y lo mismo no te saluda — you can meet him in the street and sometimes he doesn't even say hello to you
¿pregúntaselo? lo mismo dice que sí — ask him, he might (well) o may (well) say yes
lo mismo puedes conseguir caramelos que una botella de whisky — you can get anything, from sweets to a bottle of whiskey
b) (RPl fam) ( de todos modos) just o all the same, anyway5)lo mismo que — ( al igual que)
nuestra empresa, lo mismo que tantas otras — our company, like so many others
6)a) (como pron) (frml)se detuvo un coche y tres individuos bajaron del mismo — a car pulled up and three individuals got out
b) (como pron relativo) (Méx frml)IIagradecemos su donativo, mismo que fue aplicado a la compra de medicamentos — we thank you for your donation, which has been used to buy medicines
aquí/ahora mismo — right here/now
* * *= identical, same, equal.Ex. The DISPLAY command is identical to the TYPE command except when using a format which includes only a few lines per record.Ex. The command function 'SAVE' is used to save a search formulation for later use on the same or another data base on the same system.Ex. Collection development should ideally involve de-acquisitions as an on-going program of equal importance.----* admitido por Uno mismo = self-professed.* ahora mismo = right now, just now.* a la misma altura que = in the same league as.* allí mismo = on the spot, there and then.* al mismo nivel de = flush with.* al mismo nivel que = on a par with, in the same league as.* al mismo tiempo = at once, at the same time, concurrently, in the process, simultaneously, at one and the same time, contemporaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, concomitantly, at the one time, all the while.* al mismo tiempo que = in parallel to/with, while, as the same time as, cum, in conjunction with.* al mismo tiempo que + Indicativo = whilst + Gerundio.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* apuntar a la misma conclusión = point to + the same conclusion.* aquí mismo = right here.* a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.* a usted mismo = thyself.* bajo un mismo techo = under one roof.* brillar por Uno mismo = shine on + Posesivo + own.* concepto de uno mismo = self-image.* conciencia de sí mismo = self-awareness.* conciencia de uno mismo = self-awareness.* con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.* con el mismo = therewith.* con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....* con el mismo planteamiento que = on the same lines as.* confianza en uno mismo = self-belief.* conócete a ti mismo = know + thyself.* consciente de uno mismo = self-conscious.* cuestionario rellenado por uno mismo = self-administered questionnaire.* cuidado de uno mismo = self-caring, self-care.* definido por uno mismo = self-defined.* definir por uno mismo = self-define.* de la misma categoría que = in a class with.* de la misma forma que = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as), in much the same way as.* de la misma manera = by the same token.* de la misma manera (que) = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as).* del mismo calibre que = in a class with.* del mismo modo = exactly, in the same vein, by the same token.* del mismo modo que = as, in the form that, in the same way (as), in the same way that, just as, in the same manner (as), along the lines, after the fashion of, similar to, in common with.* del mismo + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.* del mismo sexo = same-sex.* del mismo tipo que las oficinas = office-type.* desde esta misma perspectiva = along the same lines.* de una misma manera = in a similar fashion.* dirigido hacia uno mismo = self-oriented.* dirigido por uno mismo = self-directed.* ella misma = herself.* él mismo = himself.* el mismo + Nombre (+ que) = every bit as much + Nombre (+ as).* el mismo número = as many.* encerrado en sí mismo = closeted.* en el mismo centro (de) = plumb in the middle (of).* en el mismo número de años = in as many years.* en el mismo orden que = in sync with.* en ese mismo instante = at that very moment.* en ese mismo momento = at that very moment.* en este mismo sentido = along the same lines.* en la misma época = contemporaneously.* en la misma habitación = ensuite.* en la misma línea de = in the vein of.* en la misma línea que = in line with.* en sí mismo = in itself, unto + Reflexivo, per se.* en sí mismos = in themselves.* escogido por uno mismo = self-chosen.* estar a la misma altura que = rank with.* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.* estar en la misma categoría que = rank with.* estar en las mismas = be back to square one.* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.* estar todos en el mismo barco = be all in the same boat.* evidente por sí mismo = self-evident.* grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.* hablar del mismo modo = talk + alike.* hablar por Uno mismo = speak for + Reflexivo.* hacer del mismo molde = cast in + the same mould as.* hasta el mismo = right up to.* imagen de uno mismo = self-presentation.* intentar hacer Algo por uno mismo = try + Posesivo + own hand at.* justo de la misma manera que = in just the same way as.* la misma persona = one and the same person.* la personificación de la confianza en uno mismo = confidence personified.* lo mismo ocurre con = the same goes for.* lo mismo que = the same as, along the lines of, in much the same way as.* lo mismo que antes = the same as before.* lo mismo que para = the same as that for.* lo mismo se aplica a = the same is true (for/of/with).* más de lo mismo = more of the same.* mí mismo = myself.* mismo, lo = same difference, the.* mismo tipo de = same range of.* no es lo mismo en el caso de = the same is not true (for/of/with).* Nombre + mismo = very + Nombre.* nosotros mismos = ourselves.* orientado hacia uno mismo = self-oriented.* pasar a Alguien lo mismo que a = suffer + the fate of.* pensar del mismo modo = think + alike.* percepción de uno mismo = self-perception.* pero al mismo tiempo = but then again.* perseguir los mismos fines = work + on the same lines.* perseguir los mismos objetivos = work + on the same lines.* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, itself, unto + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* presentación de uno mismo = self-presentation.* probar a hacer Algo por uno mismo = try + Posesivo + own hand at.* quedarse en el mismo sitio = stay + put.* que lo hace uno mismo = do-it-yourself (DIY).* que se explica por sí mismo = self-explanatory [self explanatory/selfexplanatory].* reconocido por Uno mismo, admitido por Uno mismo = self-professed.* seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguridad en uno mismo = self-belief.* seguro de sí mismo = assured, self-assured, poised.* seguro de uno mismo = self-confident.* ser la representación misma de = be a picture of.* ser lo mismo = be one and the same.* ser un fin en sí mismos = be ends in themselves.* siempre lo mismo = the same old thing.* tener el mismo destino = suffer + the same fate.* tener la misma importancia = carry + equal weight.* tener las mismas prerrogativas = have + an equal voice in.* todo al mismo tiempo = all at once.* tres goles en un mismo partido = hat trick.* una misma cosa = one and the same.* valerse de sí mismo = self-serve.* valérselas por uno mismo = negotiate + Posesivo + way, fly + solo.* valerse por sí mismo = self-serve.* ver con los mismos ojos = see + eye to eye (with/on).* y al mismo tiempo = and in the process, yet.* yo mismo = myself.* * *I- ma adjetivo1)a) (delante del n) ( expresando identidad) samehacer dos cosas al mismo tiempo — to do two things at once o at the same time
b) (como pron) same¿usted es Pedro Lecue? - el mismo — are you Pedro Lecue? - I am indeed o that's right
en las mismas: no ha llegado, así que seguimos en las mismas it hasn't arrived so we're no further on; si vienes tú pero falta él, estamos en las mismas — if you come but he doesn't turn up, then we're no better off
2) ( uso enfático)a) (refiriéndose a lugares, momentos, cosas)eso mismo pienso yo — that's exactly o just what I think
b) ( refiriéndose a personas)te perjudicas a ti mismo — you're only spiting o hurting yourself
3)lo mismo — ( la misma cosa)
lo mismo para mí — the same for me, please
dar lo mismo: me da lo mismo si lo rompe I don't care if he breaks it; le da lo mismo con o sin azúcar he doesn't mind with or without sugar; da lo mismo quién lo haga — it doesn't matter o it makes no difference who does it
4)a) (fam) ( expresando posibilidad)te ve por la calle y lo mismo no te saluda — you can meet him in the street and sometimes he doesn't even say hello to you
¿pregúntaselo? lo mismo dice que sí — ask him, he might (well) o may (well) say yes
lo mismo puedes conseguir caramelos que una botella de whisky — you can get anything, from sweets to a bottle of whiskey
b) (RPl fam) ( de todos modos) just o all the same, anyway5)lo mismo que — ( al igual que)
nuestra empresa, lo mismo que tantas otras — our company, like so many others
6)a) (como pron) (frml)se detuvo un coche y tres individuos bajaron del mismo — a car pulled up and three individuals got out
b) (como pron relativo) (Méx frml)IIagradecemos su donativo, mismo que fue aplicado a la compra de medicamentos — we thank you for your donation, which has been used to buy medicines
aquí/ahora mismo — right here/now
* * *= identical, same, equal.Ex: The DISPLAY command is identical to the TYPE command except when using a format which includes only a few lines per record.
Ex: The command function 'SAVE' is used to save a search formulation for later use on the same or another data base on the same system.Ex: Collection development should ideally involve de-acquisitions as an on-going program of equal importance.* admitido por Uno mismo = self-professed.* ahora mismo = right now, just now.* a la misma altura que = in the same league as.* allí mismo = on the spot, there and then.* al mismo nivel de = flush with.* al mismo nivel que = on a par with, in the same league as.* al mismo tiempo = at once, at the same time, concurrently, in the process, simultaneously, at one and the same time, contemporaneously, at the same instant, in parallel, concomitantly, at the one time, all the while.* al mismo tiempo que = in parallel to/with, while, as the same time as, cum, in conjunction with.* al mismo tiempo que + Indicativo = whilst + Gerundio.* a mí también me gustaría tener la misma oportunidad = turnabout is fair play.* apuntar a la misma conclusión = point to + the same conclusion.* aquí mismo = right here.* a ti mismo = yourself, thyself.* a usted mismo = thyself.* bajo un mismo techo = under one roof.* brillar por Uno mismo = shine on + Posesivo + own.* concepto de uno mismo = self-image.* conciencia de sí mismo = self-awareness.* conciencia de uno mismo = self-awareness.* con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.* con el mismo = therewith.* con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....* con el mismo planteamiento que = on the same lines as.* confianza en uno mismo = self-belief.* conócete a ti mismo = know + thyself.* consciente de uno mismo = self-conscious.* cuestionario rellenado por uno mismo = self-administered questionnaire.* cuidado de uno mismo = self-caring, self-care.* definido por uno mismo = self-defined.* definir por uno mismo = self-define.* de la misma categoría que = in a class with.* de la misma forma que = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as), in much the same way as.* de la misma manera = by the same token.* de la misma manera (que) = in the same way (as), in the same manner (as).* del mismo calibre que = in a class with.* del mismo modo = exactly, in the same vein, by the same token.* del mismo modo que = as, in the form that, in the same way (as), in the same way that, just as, in the same manner (as), along the lines, after the fashion of, similar to, in common with.* del mismo + Nombre = equally + Adjetivo.* del mismo sexo = same-sex.* del mismo tipo que las oficinas = office-type.* desde esta misma perspectiva = along the same lines.* de una misma manera = in a similar fashion.* dirigido hacia uno mismo = self-oriented.* dirigido por uno mismo = self-directed.* ella misma = herself.* él mismo = himself.* el mismo + Nombre (+ que) = every bit as much + Nombre (+ as).* el mismo número = as many.* encerrado en sí mismo = closeted.* en el mismo centro (de) = plumb in the middle (of).* en el mismo número de años = in as many years.* en el mismo orden que = in sync with.* en ese mismo instante = at that very moment.* en ese mismo momento = at that very moment.* en este mismo sentido = along the same lines.* en la misma época = contemporaneously.* en la misma habitación = ensuite.* en la misma línea de = in the vein of.* en la misma línea que = in line with.* en sí mismo = in itself, unto + Reflexivo, per se.* en sí mismos = in themselves.* escogido por uno mismo = self-chosen.* estar a la misma altura que = rank with.* estar al mismo nivel = be on a par.* estar en la misma categoría que = rank with.* estar en las mismas = be back to square one.* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.* estar todos en el mismo barco = be all in the same boat.* evidente por sí mismo = self-evident.* grupo de personas o cosas de la misma edad o categoría = peer group.* hablar del mismo modo = talk + alike.* hablar por Uno mismo = speak for + Reflexivo.* hacer del mismo molde = cast in + the same mould as.* hasta el mismo = right up to.* imagen de uno mismo = self-presentation.* intentar hacer Algo por uno mismo = try + Posesivo + own hand at.* justo de la misma manera que = in just the same way as.* la misma persona = one and the same person.* la personificación de la confianza en uno mismo = confidence personified.* lo mismo ocurre con = the same goes for.* lo mismo que = the same as, along the lines of, in much the same way as.* lo mismo que antes = the same as before.* lo mismo que para = the same as that for.* lo mismo se aplica a = the same is true (for/of/with).* más de lo mismo = more of the same.* mí mismo = myself.* mismo, lo = same difference, the.* mismo tipo de = same range of.* no es lo mismo en el caso de = the same is not true (for/of/with).* Nombre + mismo = very + Nombre.* nosotros mismos = ourselves.* orientado hacia uno mismo = self-oriented.* pasar a Alguien lo mismo que a = suffer + the fate of.* pensar del mismo modo = think + alike.* percepción de uno mismo = self-perception.* pero al mismo tiempo = but then again.* perseguir los mismos fines = work + on the same lines.* perseguir los mismos objetivos = work + on the same lines.* poner al mismo nivel que = bring + Nombre + to a par with.* por + Pronombre + mismo = all by + Reflexivo, by + Reflexivo.* por sí mismo = for its/their own sake, in itself, itself, unto + Reflexivo.* por sí mismos = in themselves.* por uno mismo = on + Posesivo + own, for + Reflexivo.* presentación de uno mismo = self-presentation.* probar a hacer Algo por uno mismo = try + Posesivo + own hand at.* quedarse en el mismo sitio = stay + put.* que lo hace uno mismo = do-it-yourself (DIY).* que se explica por sí mismo = self-explanatory [self explanatory/selfexplanatory].* reconocido por Uno mismo, admitido por Uno mismo = self-professed.* seguir lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguir siendo lo mismo = remain + the same.* seguridad en uno mismo = self-belief.* seguro de sí mismo = assured, self-assured, poised.* seguro de uno mismo = self-confident.* ser la representación misma de = be a picture of.* ser lo mismo = be one and the same.* ser un fin en sí mismos = be ends in themselves.* siempre lo mismo = the same old thing.* tener el mismo destino = suffer + the same fate.* tener la misma importancia = carry + equal weight.* tener las mismas prerrogativas = have + an equal voice in.* todo al mismo tiempo = all at once.* tres goles en un mismo partido = hat trick.* una misma cosa = one and the same.* valerse de sí mismo = self-serve.* valérselas por uno mismo = negotiate + Posesivo + way, fly + solo.* valerse por sí mismo = self-serve.* ver con los mismos ojos = see + eye to eye (with/on).* y al mismo tiempo = and in the process, yet.* yo mismo = myself.* * *A1 ( delante del n) (expresando identidad) sameno puedo hacer dos cosas al mismo tiempo I can't do two things at once o at the same timees la misma historia de siempre it's the same old storymismo … QUE:le gustan las mismas películas que a mí she likes the same movies as I do o as me2 ( como pron) sameRoma ya no es la misma Rome isn't the same any more¿mi hermana? siempre la misma, no escribe nunca my sister? just the same as ever o she hasn't changed, she never writes¿usted es Pedro Lecue? — el mismo are you Pedro Lecue? — I am indeed o that's right o ( hum) the very samemismo QUE:es el mismo que vimos ayer it's the same one we saw yesterdayen las mismas: el pedido no ha llegado, así que seguimos en las mismas the order hasn't arrived so we're no further onsi vienes el sábado pero faltas mañana, estamos en las mismas if you come on Saturday but you don't turn up tomorrow, then we're no better off o we're back to square one1(refiriéndose a lugares, momentos, cosas): queda en el centro mismo or en el mismo centro de Lima it's right in the center of Lima, it's in the very center of Limaen este mismo instante lo estaba por hacer I was (just) about to do it this very minuteeso mismo pienso/digo yo that's exactly o just what I think/sayme resulta difícil — por eso mismo debes esforzarte más I find it difficult — that's just the reason o that's precisely o that's exactly why you have to make more of an effort2(referiéndose a personas): el obispo mismo salió a recibirlos the bishop himself came out to welcome themhablé con el mismísimo presidente I spoke to the president himselfeste niño es el mismísimo diablo this child is a real little devil! ( colloq)lo haré yo misma I'll do it myself, I'll deal with it personallyte perjudicas a ti mismo you're only spiting o hurting yourselfél mismo lo trajo he brought it himselftiene que aprender a valerse por sí mismo he has to learn to manage o cope by himselfse corta el pelo ella misma she cuts her own hairél mismo se pone las inyecciones he gives himself the injectionsC¿por qué llora? — por lo mismo de siempre why is she crying? — the same as usual o what does she ever cry about?si lo haces con aceite ya no es lo mismo if you make it with oil it's not quite the same (thing)un café y una tostada — lo mismo para mí a coffee and a slice of toast — the same for me, please o I'll have the same, please¡qué elegante te has venido! — lo mismo digo you're looking very smart! — so are you o you, too¡que lo pases bien! — lo mismo (te) digo have a good time — you too o I hope you do too o and youlo despidieron o, lo que es lo mismo le dijeron que ya no necesitaban sus servicios they fired him, or at least they told him his services were no longer required, which comes to the same thinglo mismo (…) QUE the same (…) ASno es lo mismo cocinar para dos que para una familia cooking for a family is quite different from o is not the same as cooking for twose murió de lo mismo que su padre he died of the same thing as his fatherpidió lo mismo que yo he ordered the same as medar lo mismo: si sigues así lo vas a romper — me da lo mismo if you carry on like that you'll break it — I don't care¿lo quieres con o sin leche? — me da lo mismo do you want it black or white? — I don't mind¿prefieres un cheque o dinero en efectivo? — me da lo mismo, con tal de que me paguen … would you prefer a check or cash? — I don't mind o it makes no difference (to me) o ( BrE) it makes no odds (to me), as long as I get paidda lo mismo quién lo haga it doesn't matter o it makes no difference who does itD1 ( fam)(expresando posibilidad): te ve por la calle y lo mismo no te saluda you can meet him in the street and he might not even say hello to you o and sometimes he doesn't even say hello to you¿por qué no le preguntas? lo mismo dice que sí why don't you ask him? he might (well) o may (well) say yeslo mismo (…) QUE:¿cuántos años crees que tiene? — lo mismo puede tener cuarenta que cincuenta how old do you think he is? — he could just as easily be forty as fifty o he could be anything from forty to fiftylo mismo puedes conseguir un destornillador que una botella de whisky you can get anything, from a screwdriver to a bottle of whiskeyya sé que se va a enojar pero lo mismo se lo voy a decir I know he's going to get annoyed but I'm going to tell him just the same o all the same o anywayyo le dije que no había sido yo pero me pegó lo mismo I told her it wasn't me but she still hit me o she hit me anywayElo mismo que (al igual que): nuestra empresa, lo mismo que tantas otras, se ha visto afectada por la crisis our company, like so many others, has been affected by the crisissi lo mismo que decidiste ir en tren hubieras ido en avión, no habrías contado el cuento if you'd decided to go by plane instead of by train, you wouldn't be here to tell the taleFse detuvo un coche y tres individuos bajaron del mismo a car pulled up and three individuals got out2 ( como pron relativo)( Méx frml): agradecemos su generoso donativo, mismo que fue aplicado a la compra de medicamentos we thank you for your generous donation, which has been used to buy medicinesveintidós millones de estudiantes reanudarán sus clases, mismos que serán atendidos por unos 900 mil maestros twenty-two million students will resume classes, to be taught by some 900 thousand teachersA(uso enfático): aquí mismo podemos comer we can eat right herehoy mismo te mando el cheque I'll send you the check todaymañana mismo nos podemos ver we can see each other tomorrow¿cómo puede ser? si ayer mismo hablé con él y estaba de acuerdo how do you mean? I spoke to him only yesterday and he agreedquiero que lo hagas ahora mismo I want you to do it right o ( BrE) straightaway, I want you to do it right nowse visten muy bien, mismo con la crisis they dress very well, even in these times of shortageresultó muy difícil, mismo para él que tiene mucha experiencia it was very difficult, even for him with all his experience* * *
mismo 1◊ -ma adjetivo
1
◊ hacer dos cosas al mismo tiempo to do two things at once o at the same time
el mismo que vimos ayer the same one we saw yesterday
2 ( uso enfático)a) (refiriéndose a lugares, momentos, cosas):
en este mismo instante this very minute;
eso mismo pienso yo that's exactly what I thinkb) ( refiriéndose a personas):
te perjudicas a ti mismo you're only hurting yourself;
ella misma lo trajo she brought it herself
3◊ lo mismo: siempre dice lo mismo he always says the same thing;
lo mismo para mí the same for me, please;
nuestra empresa, lo mismo que tantas otras our company, like so many others;
los niños pueden ir lo mismo que los adultos children can go as well as adults;
o lo que es lo mismo in other words;
da lo mismo it doesn't matter;
me/le da lo mismo I don't care/he/she doesn't care
mismo 2 adverbio ( uso enfático):◊ aquí/ahora mismo right here/now;
hoy mismo te mando el cheque I'll send you the check today;
ayer mismo hablé con él I spoke to him only yesterday
mismo,-a
I adjetivo
1 same
el mismo acento, the same accent
2 (uso enfático) el rey mismo apareció en el umbral, the king himself appeared on the threshold
II pron same: comemos siempre lo mismo, we always eat the same thing
me da lo mismo, it makes no difference to me
es el mismo árbol, it's the same tree
por uno o sí mismo, by oneself
III adverbio
1 (intensificador) murió allí mismo, he died right there
ahora mismo, right now
2 (por ejemplo) for instance: Pedro mismo te ayudará, Pedro will help you, for instance
(incluso) yo mismo estoy de acuerdo, even I agree 3 así mismo, likewise
' mismo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abogada
- abogado
- actualmente
- ahora
- allí
- aquí
- aunar
- ayudarse
- balancearse
- bar
- barco
- batalla
- coincidir
- cojear
- confianza
- conforme
- congénere
- conmigo
- consigo
- contigo
- continuismo
- costearse
- decirse
- doblete
- dominio
- dueña
- dueño
- encerrarse
- encogerse
- enfoque
- enviudar
- esperar
- igual
- igualmente
- intentar
- machacar
- meter
- misma
- mismamente
- parecerse
- presentarse
- rasero
- replegarse
- ruin
- saber
- saco
- satisfecha
- satisfecho
- se
- sí
English:
alike
- assurance
- autograph
- boat
- central
- charity
- chase
- close
- complacent
- concurrently
- currently
- dare
- day
- diffidence
- directly
- ditto
- do-it-yourself
- end
- equal
- exam
- fabric
- fly
- follow
- fuck
- fund
- himself
- itself
- just
- lay
- level
- likewise
- maybe
- middle
- millionaire
- myself
- need
- neither
- now
- number one
- odds
- one
- oneself
- only
- outdo
- overconfident
- pace
- par
- presently
- price
- proper
* * *mismo, -a♦ adj1. [igual, idéntico] same;son del mismo pueblo they're from the same town/village;vive en la misma calle que yo she lives in the same street as me, she lives in my street;del mismo color/tipo que the same colour/type asen aquel mismo momento at that very moment;delante de sus mismas narices right in front of his nose;eso mismo digo yo that's exactly what I say;y por eso mismo deberíamos ayudarles and that is precisely why we should help them¿lo hiciste tú mismo? did you do it (by) yourself?;él mismo se construyó la casa he built his house (by) himself, he built his own house;me dije a mí mismo… I said to myself…;por mí/ti mismo by myself/yourself;Fam¡tú mismo! it's up to you!, suit yourself!♦ pron1. [igual cosa o persona]el mismo/la misma the same;el pueblo ya no era el mismo the town was no longer the same;la misma del otro día the same one as the other day;el mismo que vi ayer the same one I saw yesterday;Fam¿ése es el presidente? – sí, el mismo (que viste y calza) is that the president? – yes, the very same o yes, that's him all right;Méxenviamos un paquete a su oficina, mismo que no ha llegado a destino we sent a package to his office which didn't arrive o but it didn't arrive;estar en las mismas to be no further forward2.lo mismo [igual cosa, iguales cosas] the same (thing);¡qué aburrimiento, todos los días lo mismo! how boring, it's the same every day!;pónganos otra de lo mismo (the) same again, please;Famlo mismo se pone a hablar contigo que no te saluda one day he might start chatting to you and the next he won't even say hello;lo mismo que the same as;me gusta lo mismo que a él I like the same things as him;yo tengo mis manías, lo mismo que todo el mundo I've got my idiosyncrasies just like everyone else;lloraba lo mismo que un niño she was crying like a child;me da lo mismo it's all the same to me, I don't mind o care;¿vamos o nos quedamos? – da lo mismo should we go or should we stay? – it doesn't make any difference;me da lo mismo I don't care;lo mismo digo [como respuesta] likewise, you too;más de lo mismo more of the same;o lo que es lo mismo [en otras palabras] or in other words;por lo mismo for that (very) reason3. [tal vez]lo mismo llegamos y ya no hay entradas it's quite possible that we might arrive there and find there are no tickets left;lo mismo está enfermo maybe o perhaps he's ill, he may be ill;lo mismo te saluda que te ignora por completo he's just as likely to say hello to you as to ignore you completely4. [antes mencionado]hay una cripta y un túnel para acceder a la misma there is a crypt and a tunnel leading to itle dije que se callara y lo mismo siguió hablando I told him to be quiet but he still carried on talking o he carried on talking all the same;está nevando pero lo mismo el avión va a salir it's snowing but the plane is still going to take off♦ advahora/aquí mismo right now/here;ayer mismo only yesterday;salimos hoy mismo we are leaving this very day;llegarán mañana mismo they'll be arriving tomorrow, actually;tiene que estar listo para mañana mismo it absolutely has to be ready by tomorrow;por eso mismo precisely for that reason2. [por ejemplo]escoge uno cualquiera, este mismo choose any one, this one, for instance;¿y ahora quién me arregla a mí esto? – yo mismo who's going to fix this for me now? – I will o I'll do it (myself)* * *I adj same;el mismo the (self)same;lo mismo the same;lo mismo que the same as;yo mismo I myself;da lo mismo it doesn’t matter, it’s all the same;me da lo mismo I don’t care, it’s all the same to me;el mismo rey the king himselfII adv:aquí mismo right here;ahí mismo right there;ahora mismo right now, this very minute;hoy mismo today, this very day;lo mismo llueve que hace sol you never know whether it’s going to be rainy or sunny* * *hazlo ahora mismo: do it right nowte llamará hoy mismo: he'll definitely call you todaymismo, -ma adj1) : sameen ese mismo momento: at that very moment3) : oneselflo hizo ella misma: she made it herself4)por lo mismo : for that reason* * *mismo1 adj1. (igual) same2. (uso enfático) myself, yourself, etcmismo2 advmismo3 pron same person -
17 χάρις
Aχάριτα Hdt.6.41
, 9.107, E.El.61, Hel. 1378, X.HG3.5.16, Phylarch. 24 J., PGen.47.17 (iv A.D.), etc. (un-Attic, acc. to Moer.p.414P.): χάριταν Gloss.: pl. χάριτες; dat. χάρισι, χαρίτεσσι, Od.6.237, Il. 17.51, Pi.O.7.93: ([etym.] χαίρω):— grace:I in objective sense, outward grace or fauour, beauty, prop. of persons or their portraits, , etc.;χάριν ἀμφιχέαι κεφαλῇ Hes.Op.65
;εὐμόρφων δὲ κολοσσῶν ἔχθεται χ. ἀνδρί A.Ag. 417
(lyr.): pl., graces,κάλλεϊ καὶ χάρισι στίλβων Od.6.237
; ; gracefully,Th.
2.41: less freq. of things, χ. δ' ἀπελάμπετο πολλή, of ear-rings, Il.14.183; of works,ἔργοισι χάριν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάζει Od.15.320
; of words,οὔ οἱ χ. ἀμφιπεριστέφεται ἐπέεσσιν 8.175
; πλείστη δὲ χ. κατὰ μέτρον ἰούσης [γλώσσης] Hes.Op. 720;ταὶ Διωνύσου σὺν βοηλάτα χάριτες διθυράμβῳ Pi.O.13.19
;ἡ τῶν λόγων χ. D.4.38
, cf. D.H. Comp.23;μῦθοι πληθόμενοι χαρίτων AP9.186
(Antip.Thess.).2 glory,Φερενίκου χ. Pi.O.1.18
, cf. 8.57,80.II in subjective sense, grace or favour felt, whether on the part of the doer or the receiver (both senses appear in such phrases asὅτ'.. ἡ χάρις χάριν φέροι S.OC 779
; , cf. E.Hel. 1234, Arist.Rh. 1385a16):1 on the part of the doer, grace, kindness, goodwill, τινος for or towards one, Hes.Op. 190;τῶν Μεσσηνίων χάριτι πεισθείς Th.3.95
; οὐ χάριτι τῇ ἐμῇ not for any kind feeling towards me, Antipho 5.41: abs.,εἰ δέ τις μείζων χ. A. Supp. 960
;τῆς παλαιᾶς χ. ἐκβεβλημένη S.Aj. 808
; ἦ μεγάλα χ. δώρῳσύν ὀλίγῳ Theoc.28.24
;χ. εὑρεῖν ἐναντίον τοῦ θεοῦ LXX Ge.6.8
, al.;χάριν ἔχειν πρὸς τὸν δῆμον Plu.Dem.7
; partiality, favour,μήτε ἔλεον μήτε συγγνώμην μήτε χ. μηδεμίαν περὶ πλείονος ποιήσασθαι τῶν νόμων Lys.14.40
;οὐ συμφωνοῦσιν ὀργαὶ καὶ χάριτες μακαριότητι Epicur. Ep.
ip.28 U., cf. Pl.Lg. 740c.2 more freq. on the part of the receiver, sense of favour received, thankfulness, gratitude,χάριν καὶ κῦδος ἄροιο Il.4.95
;ἀρέομαι πὰρ Σαλαμῖνος Ἀθαναίων χ. Pi.P.1.76
; τινος for a thing, , cf. 22.319;ἀντὶ πόνων χ. Th.4.86
: less freq. c. inf., οὐκ ἄρα τις χάρις ἦεν μάρνασθαι one has, it seems, no thanks for fighting, Il.9.316, 17.147;οἵ οἱ ἀπεμνήσαντο χ. εὐεργεσιάων Hes.Th. 503
, cf. Th.1.137;χάριν φέρειν τινί Pi.O.10(11).17
;χ. τροφεῦσιν ἀμείβων A.Ag. 728
(lyr.);φιλότητος ἀμειβόμεναι χ. S.El. 134
(lyr.); χάριν εἰδέναι τινί to acknowledge a sense of favour, feel grateful, once in Hom.,ἐγὼ δέ κέ τοι ἰδέω χ. ἤματα πάντα Il.14.235
; freq. in Prose, Hdt.3.21, Lys.2.23, Isoc.4.175, etc.; τούτων for a thing, X.Cyr.1.6.11, etc.;τοῖς διαπεπραγμένοις Plu.Alex.62
;μοι χ. οἶδεν ἐπὶ τούτοις Luc.
Bis Acc.17;χ. προσειδέναι Pl.Ap. 20a
;ἀποδιδόναι Id.R. 338a
;τινὰ ἀποστερῆσαι χάριτος Id.Hp.Mi. 372c
; laterχ. γνῶναι Philostr.VA2.17
;πολλὴν γνοῦσα χ. X.Eph.3.5
;χ. ἐπίσταμαι πᾶσι Charito 3.4
, cf. 8.5, Poll.5.142, Jul.Or.8.246c; alsoτῶν παροιχομένων ἔχειν σφι μεγάλην χ. Hdt.7.120
, cf. 1.71, E.Heracl. 767 (lyr.), IT 847 (lyr.), Lys.16.1, Hyp.Ath.5: c. part.,χ. ἔχειν σωθέντες X.An.2.5.14
; also χάριτας ἔχων πατρός owing him a debt of gratitude, E.Or. 244: but ἀσπασμάτων χάριν τίν' ἕξει; what thanks will she have for.. ? Id.Hec. 830;χ. ἂν ἐν τούτῳ μείζω ἔτι ἔσχεν Th.8.87
; χ. ὀφείλειν to owe gratitude, be beholden,τοῖς θεοῖς S.Ant. 331
, cf. X.Cyr.3.2.30;προσοφείλειν D.3.31
;χ. οὐδεμία ἐφαίνετο πρὸς Ἀθηναίων Hdt.5.90
; χάριν ἀθάνατον καταθέσθαι to lay up a store of undying gratitude, Id.7.178, cf. 6.41;τῇ πόλει χ. καταθέσθαι Antipho 5.61
, cf. Th.1.33; χάριν λαβεῖν τινος receive thanks from one, S.OT 1004, etc.;ἀπολαβεῖν παρά τινων Lys.20.31
; τινος for a thing, X.Mem.2.2.5, Aeschin.2.4; ;κἀπ' ἐμοῦ κτήσει χ. Id.Tr. 471
;κομίσασθαι χ. Th.3.58
;χάριτος τυχεῖν Lycurg. 135
;ἀπέχειν χάριτας Call.Epigr.51.4
, etc.; τοῖς θεοῖς χάρις (sc. ἐστί) ὅτι .., thank the gods that.., X.An.3.3.14, Cyr.7.5.72;χ. τινί τινος Luc.Tim.36
;τινὶ ὑπέρ τινος Plu.2.1122a
.3 favour, influence, opp. force,χάριτι τὸ πλέον ἢ φόβῳ Th.1.9
; χ. καὶ δεήσει, opp. ἀπειλῇ, Plu.Sull.38.4 love-charm, philtre, Luc. Alex.5, Merc.Cond.40.III in concrete sense, a favour done or returned, boon, χάριν φέρειν τινί confer a favour on one, do a thing to oblige him, Il.5.211, 874, 9.613, Od.5.307, E.IT14, Or. 239, And.2.24 (so in [voice] Med., of the recipient, ib.9);ἄλλοις χ. φέροντες Th.3.54
; χάριν θέσθαι or τίθεσθαί τινι, Hdt.9.60, 107, A. Pr. 782, E.Hec. 1211, etc.;προσθέσθαι S.OC 767
;χ. ὑπουργῆσαί τινι A.Pr. 635
; ; , 896 (lyr.);δράσας Th.2.40
; ἀνύσαι prob. in S.Tr. 995 (anap.); ;χ. δοῦναί τινι A.Pr. 821
, S.OC 1489 (but χ. δοῦναι, = χαρίζεσθαι (1.2), indulge, humour, ὀργῇ ib. 855;γαστρί Cratin.317
); χ. χαρίζεσθαι, v. χαρίζομαι 1.1: χ. ἀνθυπουργεῖν return a favour, S.Fr. 339; , Ag. 821;χάριτας πατρῴας ἐκτίνων E.Or. 453
, cf. Pl. Mx. 242c, etc.;χ. ἀποδιδόναι τινί Lys.12.60
, 28.17;ἀντί τινος X.Ages.2.29
;ὑπέρ τινος Isoc.4.56
;τῶν ἔργων τὰς χάριτας ἀποδ. τινί Lys.31.24
;χάριτας ἀντιδιδόναι Th.3.63
; opp. χάριν ἀπαιτεῖν to ask the repayment of a boon, E.Hec. 276, cf. Lys.18.23, D.20.156;χάριτας ἀπ. Lycurg.139
;χάριν ἐξαιτεῖσθαι S.OC 586
; χ. ἀποστερεῖν withhold a return for what one has received, Pl.Grg. 520c; τὰς αὑτοῦ εἰς τοὺς φίλους χ. the favours one has done them, Id.Lg. 729d; χ. ἄχαρις α thankless favour, one which receives, or deserves, no thanks, A.Pr. 545 (lyr.);χ. ἀχάριτος Id.Ch.42
(lyr.), E.Ph. 1757 (lyr.).b grant made in legal form, POxy.273.14 (i A.D.), PGrenf.2.70.5 (iii A.D.), etc.; αἱ τῶν Σεβαστῶν χ. imperial grants, OGI669.44 (Egypt, i A.D.).2 esp. in erotic sense, of favours granted (v.χαρίζομαι 1.3
),ἀλόχου χάριν ἰδεῖν Il.11.243
, cf. A.Ag. 1206: more freq. in pl., X.Hier.1.34, 7.6, etc.; βίᾳ δ' ἔπραξας χάριτας ἢ πείσας κόρην; Trag.Adesp.402; in full,χάριτες ἀφροδισίων ἐρώτων Pi.Fr. 128
, cf. Pl.Phdr. 254a, al.IV gratification, delight, τινος in or from a thing,συμποσίου Pi. O.7.5
;νίκας Id.O.10(11).78
;ὕπνου χ. E.Or. 159
(lyr.); evenχ. γόων Id.Supp.79
(lyr.); also concrete, of things, a delight, Pi.I.2.19 (pl.);τὰν βοτρυώδη Διονύσου χ. οἴνας E.Ba. 535
(lyr.), cf. Ar.Nu. 311 (lyr.), Jul.Or.3.125b;ἔνοπτρα, παρθένων χάριτας E.Tr. 1108
(lyr.): abs.,Ἔρως.. εἰσάγων γλυκεῖαν χ. Id.Hipp. 527
(lyr.); opp. λύπη, S.El. 821, E.Hel. 655 (lyr.); opp. πόνος, S.OC 232 (lyr.);θανεῖν πολλὴ χάρις A.Ag. 550
, cf. 1304;βίου χ. μεθεῖσα E.Med. 227
;οὐδεμίαν ἔχω τῷ βίῳ χάριν Ar.Lys. 865
; τοῖς δὲ σιτίοις χ. οὐδεμίαν οἶδ' ἐσθίων ib. 869; less freq. in Prose,χ. καὶ ἡδονή Pl.Grg. 462c
, cf. D.20.26;τοσαύτην ἔχει χ. Isoc.9.10
.V δαιμόνων χάρις homage due to them, their worship, majesty, A.Ag. 182 (lyr.); ἀθίκτων χ. ib. 371 (lyr.); (lyr.).2 thank-offering, εὐκταία χ. τινός, opp. a common gift, A.Ag. 1387, cf. X.Hier.8.4;ἔπεμψε χαίτην κουρίμην χ. πατρός A.Ch. 180
, cf. 517;τιμὴ καὶ γέρα καὶ χ. Pl.Euthphr. 15a
, cf. La. 187a.VI Special usages:1 acc. sg. as Adv., χ. τινός in any one's favour, for his pleasure, for his sake,χ. Ἕκτορος Il.15.744
; ψεύδεσθαι γλώσσης χ. for one's tongue's pleasure, i.e. for talking's sake, Hes.Op. 709, cf. A.Ch. 266; rarely with Art.,τὴν Ἀθηναίων χάριν ἐστρατεύοντο Hdt.5.99
.b as Prep., sts. before its case (once in Pi., P.2.70;χάριν πλησμονῆς Pl.Phdr. 241c
;χ. φιλίας Epicur.Sent.Vat.28
; χ. τίνος; LXX 2 Ch.7.21, cf. POxy.743.29 (i B. C.), etc.), but mostly after, for the sake of, on behalf of, on account of, (lyr.); τοῦ χάριν; for what reason? Ar.Pl.53;συγχωρῶ τοῦ λόγου χ. Pl.R. 475a
; so ἐμὴν χάριν, χάριν σήν, for my, thy pleasure or sake, A.Pers. 1046 (lyr.), E.HF 1238, etc.;κείνου τε καὶ σὴν ἐξ ἴσου κοινὴν χ. S.Tr. 485
: less freq. with the Art.,τὴν σὴν δ' ἥκω χ. Id.Ph. 1413
(anap.);σοῦ τε τήν τ' ἐμὴν χ. E.Ph. 762
:—pleon.,τίνος χάριν ἕνεκα; Pl.Lg. 701d
; also χάριν τινός as far as regards.., as to..,ἔπους σμικροῦ χ. S.OC 443
; δακρύων χάριν if tears would serve, Id.Fr.557.6;χ. θανάτου πόλιν ἀτείχιστον οἰκοῦμεν Epicur.Sent.Vat.31
; also, about, ἔπεμφεν ἐπὶ τὴν πενθεράν σου χ. τοῦ κτήματος about the farm, PFay.126.5 (ii/iii A. D.).—Orig. an acc. in apposition with the sentence, as in Il.15.744, etc., being a favour, since it is (was) a favour, as is evident in ;τινὸς νίκας ἀκάρπωτον χ. S.Aj. 176
(lyr.).2 with Preps.:a εἰς χάριν to do a pleasure,οὐδὲν ἐς χ. πράσσων Id.OT 1353
(lyr.);ἐς χ. τίθεσθαί τι Plu.Mar.46
;μηδὲ κρίσιν εἰς χ. ἕλκε Ps.-Phoc.9
(but ἐς τὴν τῶν ξυμμάχων χ. in such a way as to earn thanks.. Th.3.37); alsoκατὰ χάριν Pl.Lg. 740c
; χάριτος ἕνεκα ib. 771d.b (anap.); ; , cf. X.Mem.4.4.4, HG6.3.7, Isoc.2.18, D.8.1 (but πρὸς χ. βορᾶς for the sake of it, S.Ant.30); πρὸς χ., opp. κλαίων, Id.OT 1152:—but πρὸς χ. εὐσεβίας, just like χάριν, Pi.O.8.8;τίνος νόμου ταῦτα πρὸς χ. λέγω; S.Ant. 908
;πρὸς ἰσχύος χ. E.Med. 538
; πρὸς χ. alone, as a favour, freely,πρὸς χ. τε κοὐ βίᾳ S.Fr.28
; but κορέσαι στόμα πρὸς χ. to their heart's content, Id.Ph. 1156 (lyr.).c ἐν χάριτι κρίνειν τινά to decide from partiality to one, Theoc.5.69; but also, for one's gratification, pleasure, ἐν χάριτι διδόναι or ποιεῖν τινί τι, X.Oec.8.10, Pl.Phd. 115b: gratefully,Id.
Lg. 796b.d διὰ χαρίτων εἶναι or γίγνεσθαί [τινι] to be pleasing to one, X.Hier.9.1,2.VII metaph. of the cypress, Gp.11.4.1; of some kind of myrtle, Sch.Il.17.51; of salt, ὅτι τὸ ἀναγκαῖον ἡδὺ ποιοῦσιν (sc. ἅλες) Plu.2.685a.B [full] Χάρις, ἡ, as a mythological pr. n. declined like χάρις, save that the acc. is generally Χάριτα (exc. AP5.148 (Mel.), Luc.DDeor. 15.1, Paus.9.35.4): poet. dat. pl.Χαρίτεσσι Il.17.51
, Pi.N.9.54; Χάρισσιν ib.5.54:—Charis, wife of Hephaestus, Il.18.382; mostly in pl. Χάριτες, αἱ, the Graces, 14.267, 275, Od.6.18, Pi.O.2.50, etc.; three in number, Hes.Th. 907, etc. (τέσσαρες αἱ X.
, as a compliment, Call.Epigr.52.1); attendants of Aphrodite, Il.5.338, Hes. Op.73, h.Ven.61, Paus.6.24.7; coupled with Μοῦσαι, Hes.Th.64; κόμαι Χαρίτεσσιν ὁμοῖαι, i.e. like that of the Graces, Il.17.51; worshipped at Orchomenus in Boeotia,Ἐτεόκλειοι Χάριτες θεαί Theoc. 16.104
, cf. Sch. ad loc., Str.9.2.40, Paus.9.35.3, 9.38.1: but at Lacedaemon and Athens only two were orig. worshipped, Id.3.18.6, 9.35.2;Χαρίτων ἱερὸν ἐμποδὼν ποιοῦνται Arist.EN 1133a3
;θύειν ταῖς X.
Plu.2.141f; in adjurations,πρὸς τῶν Χαρίτων Pl.Tht. 152c
;νὴ τὰς X.
Luc.Hist.Conscr.26;ὦ φίλαι X.
Plu.2.710d.— Rarely in sg., X.ζωθάλμιος Pi.O.7.11
;Χάριτος ἡδίστης θεῶν Antiph. 228.4
. -
18 appeler
appeler [ap(ə)le]➭ TABLE 41. transitive verba. ( = interpeller, faire venir, au téléphone) to call• appeler qn à l'aide or au secours to call to sb for help• appeler qn en justice or à comparaître to summon sb before the courtb. ( = désigner) appeler qn à [+ poste] to appoint sb toc. ( = réclamer) [situation, conduite] to call ford. [+ carte] to call fore. (Computing) [+ fichier] to call2. intransitive verb( = crier) to call out• appeler à l'aide or au secours to call for help3. reflexive verba. ( = être nommé) to be called• comment s'appelle cet oiseau ? what's the name of this bird?• comment ça s'appelle en français ? what's that called in French?• voilà ce qui s'appelle une gaffe ! now that's what I call a blunder!• je te prête ce livre, mais il s'appelle Reviens ! (inf) I'll lend you this book but I want it back!• elle ne sait plus comment elle s'appelle (inf) ( = elle est désorientée) she's totally confused she doesn't know what day it is (inf)* * *aple
1.
1) ( dénommer) to call [personne, chose]il se fait appeler Robert — ( pour son plaisir) he likes to be called Robert; ( par sécurité) he goes by the name of Robert
2) ( téléphoner) to phone GB, to call3) ( faire venir) to call [docteur, ambulance, pompier, taxi, ascenseur]; to send for [employé, élève]4) ( inciter)appeler quelqu'un à — to incite somebody to [révolte]
5) ( destiner)appeler quelqu'un à — to assign somebody to [charge, fonction]; to appoint somebody to [poste]
6) (exiger, entraîner) [crime, comportement] to call for [sanction]
2.
en appeler à verbe transitif indirect to appeal to [générosité, bon sens, population]
3.
en cas de besoin, appelez — if you need anything, just call
4.
s'appeler verbe pronominalvoilà ce qui s'appelle une belle voiture! — now, that's what you call a nice car!
••ça s'appelle reviens! — (colloq) don't forget to give it back!
appeler les choses par leur nom or un chat un chat — to call a spade a spade
* * *ap(ə)le1. vt1) (en criant) to call toappeler qn à l'aide; appeler qn au secours — to call to sb for help
2) (au téléphone) to call, to ring Grande-BretagneJ'ai appelé Richard à Londres. — I called Richard in London.
3) (= faire venir) [médecin, police] to call, to send for, [ambulance] to call, to send for, [taxi] to call forElle a appelé le médecin. — She called the doctor.
Appelle le garçon, il faut que je me sauve. — Could you get the waiter, I've got to go.
4) (= inviter)être appelé à [carrière, honneurs] — to be destined for
5) (= nécessiter) to call for, to demand6) (= nommer) [enfant, chose] to callIls l'ont appelée Suzanne. — They called her Suzanne.
On appelle ça une plinthe. — It's called a skirting board.
Un nouvel appareil que son inventeur a appelé le lexitron. — A new device which its inventor called a lexitron.
2. vi1) (au téléphone) to callAh, j'oubliais, Martin a appelé. — Oh, I forgot, Martin called.
Si quelqu'un appelle, dis que tout le monde est parti. — If anyone calls, tell them everyone's gone.
2) (en criant) to call outen appeler à [personne, générosité] — to appeal to
* * *appeler verb table: appelerA vtr1 ( dénommer) to call [personne, chose]; comment ont-ils appelé leur fille? what did they call their daughter?; appeler un roi ‘Majesté’ to call a king ‘Your Majesty’; comment appelles-tu cet arbre? what's this tree called?; comment appelle-t-on cela en français? what's that called in French?; il se fait appeler Luc ( pour son plaisir) he likes to be called Luc; ( par sécurité) he goes by the name of Luc;2 ( attirer l'attention) to call; appeler ses enfants pour dîner to call one's children for dinner; appeler qn par l'interphone to call sb on the intercom; appeler les fidèles à la prière to call the faithful to prayer; appeler à l'aide to call for help; appeler qn à son aide or à l'aide to call sb to help one;4 ( faire venir) to call [docteur, ambulance, pompier, taxi]; to call [ascenseur]; to send for [employé, élève]; appeler un médecin auprès d'un malade to call a doctor to see a sick person; il est temps d'appeler un prêtre it's time to call a priest; le docteur a été appelé à l'extérieur the doctor is out on a call; le docteur a été appelé trois fois la nuit dernière the doctor was called out three times last night; le devoir m'appelle duty calls; appeler un témoin Jur to call a witness; appeler qn à comparaître (devant le juge/les tribunaux) to summon sb to appear (before the judge/the court); appeler qn en justice to summon sb to appear in court;5 ( inciter) appeler qn à to incite sb to [révolte]; to call sb out on [grève]; appeler qn à l'abstention to call on sb to abstain; les syndicats ont appelé à la grève unions have called for strike action; appeler qn à faire to call on sb to do; appeler à manifester to call for a demonstration;6 ( destiner) appeler qn à to assign sb to [charge, fonction]; to appoint sb to [poste]; il a été appelé à de hautes fonctions he was called to high office; ses compétences l'appellent à ce poste his skills make him ideal for the job; mon travail m'appelle à beaucoup voyager my work involves a lot of travel;7 ( qualifier de) to call; j'appelle ça du vol I call that robbery; c'est ce que j'appelle une idiotie/une gaffe! now that's what I call stupid/a blunder!;8 ( réclamer) appeler qch sur qn to call sth down on sb [malédiction]; appeler la mort sur qn fml to wish death on sb; appeler l'attention de qn sur qch to draw sb's attention to sth; cette question appelle toute notre attention this issue calls for our full attention;9 ( entraîner) [crime, comportement] to call for [sanction]; la violence appelle la violence violence begets violence;B en appeler à vtr indD s'appeler vpr1 ( se dénommer) [objet, fleur, oiseau] to be called; comment s'appelle cette fleur en latin? what is this flower called in Latin?, what is this flower's Latin name?; comment t'appelles-tu? what's your name?; je m'appelle Paul my name's Paul; voilà ce qui s'appelle une belle voiture! now, that's what you call a nice car!; voilà qui s'appelle jouer/cuisiner/faire une gaffe! now that's what you call acting/cooking/a blunder!; voilà qui s'appelle parler! well said!;2 (entre personnes, animaux) to call each other, to call to one another; ( au téléphone) to phone each other GB, to call each other; nous nous appelons par nos prénoms we call each other by our first names; on s'appelle demain? shall one of us give the other a ring tomorrow?; on s'appelle! we'll be in touch!beaucoup seront appelés mais peu seront élus many are called but few are chosen; ça s'appelle reviens○! don't forget to give it back!; appeler les choses par leur nom or un chat un chat to call a spade a spade.[aple] verbe transitifappelle-le, il a oublié sa lettre give him a shout, he's left his letter behindla pauvre, elle a appelé toute la nuit the poor thing called out all night2. [au téléphone] to call (up)3. [faire venir - médecin] to call, to send for (inseparable) ; [ - police] to call ; [ - renforts] to call up ou out (separable) ; [ - ascenseur] to calla. [dans la rue] to hail a taxib. [par téléphone] to phone for ou to call a taxiappeler quelqu'un à une fonction importante to call ou to appoint somebody to a high officeêtre appelé sous les drapeaux to be called up ou conscriptedfaire appeler quelqu'un to send for somebody, to summon somebodyêtre appelé à comparaître to be summoned ou issued with a summonsêtre appelé à la barre to be called ou summoned to the witness stand5. (soutenu) [désirer]7. [entraîner] to lead to8. [inviter]appeler (des travailleurs) à la grève to call a strike, to put out a strike call9. [destiner]10. [nommer] to call11. INFORMATIQUE [programme] to call (up)[réseau] to dial————————en appeler à verbe plus préposition————————s'appeler verbe pronominal (emploi passif)comment s'appelle-t-il? what's his name?, what's he called?voilà ce qui s'appelle une gaffe! that's what's called ou that's what I call putting your foot in it!————————s'appeler verbe pronominal -
19 KOMA
* * *I)(kem; kom or kvam, kómum or kvamúm; kominn), v.1) to come (litlu síðarr kómu Finnar aptr heim);2) to come, arrive (bréf kómu frá Skúla jarli);kom svá, at (it came to pass, that) Bárði var heitit meyjunni;3) with dat. of the object, to make to come, to take, bring, carry, etc.;hann skyldi koma Þór í Geirröðargarða, he should make Th. come to G.;hann kom Þórhaddi heilum yfir ána, he brought Th. safe across the river;koma e-m í hel, to put one to death;koma e-m til falls, to make one fall;koma e-m í sætt við e-n, to reconcile one with another;koma sér vel hjá e-m, to bring oneself into favour with, be agreeable to (þeir kómu sér vel við alla);koma e-u til leiðar (til vegar), to effect, bring about;koma orðum við e-n, to speak with a person (hann gørði sik svá reiðan, at ekki mátti orðum við hann koma);4) with preps.:koma e-u af sér, to get rid of (allt mun ek til vinna at koma af mér yðvarri reiði);koma e-u af, to abolish (Þvi hafði eigi orðit af komitmeði öllu);koma at e-m, to come upon one (kómu þessir at honum fyrir Sjólandi með tveim skipum);koma at hendi, to happen (mikill vandi er kominn at hendi);impers., Gunnarr játaði því, en þá er at kom, vildi hann eigi, G. agreed to it, but when it came to the point he would not;koma at e-u, to come at, regain, recover (koma at hamri);koma sér at e-u, to bring oneself to (Þ. kom sér ekki at því);koma á e-t, to come on, hit (höggit kom á lærit);koma e-u á, to bring about, effect (máttu þeir øngum flutningum á koma);koma kristni (dat.) á England, to christianize E.;koma fram, to come forth, appear, emerge (sigldi E. suðr með landi ok kom fram í Danmörk); to be produced, brought forward (nú mun pat fram koma sem ek sagða);koma e-u fram, to bring about, effect (koma fram hefndum);koma fyrir e-t, to be an equivalent for (fyrir víg Hjartar skyldi koma víg Kols);allt mun koma fyrir eitt, it will all come to the same;koma fyrir ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail;e-m þykkir fyrir ván komit, at, one thinks it past all hope, that;koma e-u fyrir, to destroy (hann kom hverjum hesti fyrir);koma í e-t, to come into, enter;mál koma í dóm, suits are brought up for judgement;koma niðr, to come down;hann reyndi eptir, hvar G. væri niðr kominn, what had become of G.;kom þar niðr tal hennar, at hon sagði honum, hversu, the end of her talk was, that she told him how koma;koma hart niðr, to pay dearly for it (ek hafða illa til gört, enda kom ek hart niðr);koma saman, to come together, gather (er saman kom liðit); to agree;þat kom saman (or ásamt) með þeim, they agreed on it;impers., kom þeim vel saman (ásamt), they agreed well;koma e-u saman, to bring about, effect;koma saman sættum með e-m, to reconcile them;koma til e-s, to come to a person or place (jarlinn kom með allan her sinn til Dyflinnar);koma till ríkis, to come to, or succeed to, the throne;koma til e-s, to cause: þat kemr til þess, at, the reason is, that; to help, avail: koma til lítils, to come to little, be of small avail (= koma fyrir lítit); to concern: þetta mál kemr ekki til þín, this quarrel is no business of thine; þat er til mín kemr, so far as I am concerned; to mean, signify (Þ. kvezk skilja, hvar orð hans kómu til); to be of value: sverð þat, er til kom mörk gulls, that was worth a ‘mark’ of gold; mikit þykkir til e-s koma, one is much thought of, is thought to be of great importance;koma til, to be born;koma e-m undan, to help one to escape;koma undir e-n, to come unto one;ef undir oss skal koma kjörit, if we are to choose;koma e-m undir, to get one down, overcome one;koma upp, to come up;tungl kemr upp, the moon rises;eldr kom upp, fire broke out;kom þá upp af tali þeirra, at, the end of their talk was, that; to come out, become known (kom þat þá upp, at hann hafði beðit hennar);koma e-u upp, to open (kerling tekr hörpuna ok vildi upp koma);hann mátti lengi eigi orði upp koma, it was long before he could utter a word;koma við e-t, to touch (komit var við hurðina);þeir kómu við sker, they struck on a reef;hann kemr við margar sögur, he appears in many sagas; to be added to (koma þær nætr við hinar fyrri);koma við, to fit, be convenient, suit;koma e-u við, to employ, make use of (ek mátta eigi boganum við koma); hann kom því við (he brought about), at engi skyldi fara með vápn; urðu þeir at flýja sem því kómu við, all fled that could;koma sér við, to bring about, effect, be able to do (ek mun veita þér slíkt lið sem ek má mér við koma); to behave (hversu hann kom sér við í þessum málum);koma yfir, to pass over (hvert kveld, er yfir kom);5) refl., komast;* * *pres. sing. kem, kemr, kemr; an older form komr is used constantly in very old and good vellum MSS., as the Kb. of Sæm.; and even spelt keomr or ceomr (in Eluc., Greg., etc.); reflex. komsk, 2nd pers. kømztu ( pervenis), Sdm. 10: pret. kom, kom-k, I came, Skm. 18: 2nd pers. komt, 17, mod. komst: the pret. plur. varies, kvámu being the oldest form; kvómu, often in the MSS.; kómu, as it is still pronounced in the west of Icel.; the usual and latest form is komu, with a short vowel; the spelling of the MSS. cannot always be ascertained, as the word is usually written kumu or qumu: pret. subj. kvæmi and kꝍmi (kæmi): imperat. kom, kom-ðú, proncd, kondu, come thou! pret. infin. kómu ( venisse), Fms. i. 224 (in a verse), Geisli 62:—with suff. neg., pres. kmr-at or kømr-að, Akv. 11, Grág. ii. 141, Gkv. 3. 8; pret. kom-a, kom-að, came not, Ls. 56, Þorf. Karl. (in a verse), Þd. 18; 2nd pers. komtaðu ( non venisti), Am. 99; subj. kømi-a ( non veniret), Gs. 10: reflex., pres. kømsk-at, Grág. ii. 180; pret. komsk-at ( could not come), Am. 3:—a middle form, pres. 1st pers. komum-k (komumsk), Ó. H. 140, 214, Skm. 10, 11; subj. pres. komimk, Ó. H. 85; pret. kømomc, Hbl. 33 (Bugge); part. pass. kominn, see Gramm. p. xix. The preterite forms kvam and kvaminn, used in the Edition of the Sturl. and in a few other mod. Editions without warrant in the MSS., are due to the fact that the Edition of Sturl. was published from a transcript now in the Advocates’ Library in Edinburgh, made by the learned priest Eyjolf á Völlum (died A. D. 1745), who used this spelling: in prehistoric times, before the age of writing, it may be assumed for certain that this verb had a v throughout, as in Gothic: [Ulf. qiman, i. e. qwiman, = ἔρχεσθαι; A. S. cuman; Engl. come; O. H. G. queman; Germ. kommen; Dutch komen; Dan. komme; Swed. komma; Lat. venio, qs. gvenio; the Ormul. spells cumenn, indicating a long root vowel; cp. North. E. coom.]A. To come; sá þeirra sem fyrr kæmi, Fms. ix. 373; konungr kom norðr til Túnsbergs, 375; kómu Finnar heim, i. 9; þeir mágar kómu ór hjúkólfi, Sturl. ii. 124; kömr hann á konungs fund, Fms. ix. 221; þá vóru þeir norðan komnir, 308; hér er nú komin ær ein kollótt, Sturl. i. 159, passim.2. to become, arrive; bréf kómu frá Skúla jarli, Fms. ix. 375; ef svá síðarliga kömr skip til hlunns, Sks. 28; en er vár kom, Eg. 167; koma at máli við e-n, to have an interview, talk with one, 467; konungi kom njósn, Fms. vii. 57; þá komu honum þau tíðendi, i. 37; þetta kom allt fyrir Ingimar, vii. 114; kom honum þat (it came to him, he got it) fyrir útan fé, en engum kom fyrr, x. 394; hvat sem á bak kemr, whatsoever may befall, Nj. 193; koma e-m at haldi, or í hald, to avail oneself, 192, Fms. x. 413; koma at gagni, to ‘come in useful,’ be of use, Nj. 264; koma at úvörum, to come at unawares, Ld. 132; koma e-m fyrir úvart, id., Fms. xi. 290; koma á úvart, Nj. 236; koma í þörf = koma í gagn, Fms. vii. 14; hvar kom kapp þitt þá? Bs. i. 18; mál koma í dóm, to be brought up for judgment, Fms. vii. 115; líðr vetrinn, kemr þar ( that time comes) er menn fara til Gulaþings, Eg. 340; var þá svá komit, at allir menn vóru sofa farnir, 376; kom svá ( it came to pass) at Bárði var heitið meyjunni, 26; svá kemr, kemr þar, at, it comes to pass. Fb. i. 174, ii. 48, 68; láta koma, to let come, put; síðan létu þeir koma eld í spánuna, Fms. xi. 34.3. in greeting; kom heill, welcome! kom heill ok sæll, frændi! Nj. 175: mod. komdu (kondu) sæll! komið þér sælir!II. with prepp.; koma á, to hit; ef á kömr, Grág. ii. 7:—koma at, to come to, arrive, happen; láttu at því koma, let it be so, Dropl. 24; kom þat mjök optliga at honum, of sickness, Fms. vii. 150; kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, sleep came upon them, Nj. 104; koma at hendi, to happen; mikill vandi er kominn at hendi, 177, Hom. 80; koma at e-u, to come at, regain, recover; koma at hamri, Þkv. 32:—koma fram, to come forth, appear, stund var í milli er þeir sá framstafninn ok inn eptri kom fram, Fms. ii. 304; engin kom önnur vistin fram, Eg. 549; nú eru öll sóknar-gögn fram komin, Nj. 143: to emerge, hann kom fram í Danmörk, Hkr. i. 210, 277, Ísl. ii. 232, Eg. 23, Landn. 134, Orkn. 152: to arrive, sendimenn fóru ok fram kómu, Fms. xi. 27; reifa mál þau fyrst er fyrst eru fram komin, each in its turn, Grág. i. 64: to be fulfilled, happen, því er á þínum dögum mun fram koma, Ld. 132; nú mun þat fram komit sem ek sagða, Eg. 283; kom nú fram spásagan Gests, Ld. 286; öll þessi merki kómu fram ok fylldusk, Stj. 444; aldrei skal maðr arf taka eptir þann mann er hann vegr, eðr ræðr bana fram kominn, whom he has slain, or whose death he has devised with effect, Grág. ii. 113; staðar-prýði flest fram komin, Bs. i. 146; vera langt fram kominn, mod. áfram kominn, to be ‘in extremis,’ at the point of death, 644; er sú frásögn eigi langt fram komin, this story comes from not far off, i. e. it is derived from first, not second hand, Fms. viii. 5:—koma fyrir, to come as payment, tvau hundrað skyldu koma fyrir víg Snorra (of weregild), Sturl. ii. 158; henni kvaðsk aldri hefnt þykkja Kjartans, nema Bolli kæmi fyrir, Ld. 240; allt mun koma fyrir eitt, it will come to the same, Lv. 11, Nj. 91, Fms. i. 208; koma fyrir ekki, to come to naught, be of no avail, Ísl. ii. 215, Fms. vi. 5:—koma í, to enter, come in, a fisherman’s term; koma í drátt, to hook a fish; at í komi með ykkr Þorbrandssonum, that ye and the Th. come to loggerheads, Eb. 80:—koma með, to come with a thing, to bring; kondu með það, fetch it!—koma til, to come to; vera kann at eigi spillisk þótt ek koma til, Eg. 506; nú er rétt lögruðning til ykkar komin, Nj. 236; koma til ríkis, to come to a kingdom, Eg. 268; þeir létu til hans koma um alla héraðs-stjórn, Fs. 44: to befall, kom svá til efnis, it so happened, Mar.; þeim hlutum sem hafinu kunni opt til at koma, Stj. 105, Sks. 323: to mean, signify, en hvar kom þat til er hann sagði, Ó. H. 87; ef þat kom til annars, en þess er hann mælti, id.: to cause, hygg ek at meir komi þar til lítilmennska, Eb. 172; konungr spurði hvat til bæri úgleði hans, hann kvað koma til mislyndi sína, Fms. vi. 355, Fb. ii. 80, Band. 29 new Ed.: to concern, þetta mál er eigi kom síðr til yðvar en vár, Fms. vii. 130; þetta mál kemr ekki til þín, Nj. 227; þat er kemr til Knúts, Fms. v. 24; þat er til mín kemr, so far as I am concerned, iv. 194; hann kvað þetta mál ekki til sín koma, vi. 100; þeir eru orðmargir ok láta hvervetna til sín koma, meddle in all things, 655 xi. 2: to belong to, skulu þeir gjalda hinum slíka jörð sem til þeirra kemr, proportionally, Jb. 195; kemr þat til vár er lögin kunnum, Nj. 149; sú sök er tylptar-kviðr kömr til, Grág. i. 20; tylptar-kviðar á jafnan á þingi at kveðja, þar sem hann kömr til saka, ii. 37; þá er komit til þessa gjalds ( it is due), er menn koma í akkeris-sát, 408: to help, avail, koma til lítils, to come to little, be of small avail, Nj. 149, Fms. vi. 211; at göra litla fésekt, veit ek eigi hvat til annars kemr, I am not aware what else will do, I believe that will meet the case best, Band. 36 new Ed.; koma til, to ‘come to,’ of a person in a swoon, etc.; veit ek eigi til hvers koma mun sú tiltekja Fb. i. 177, Fms. xi. 103; hvar til þessi svör skulu koma, i. 3; það kemr til, it will all come right; kom þar til með kóngum tveim, two kings came to a quarrel, Skíða R. 48: to be of value, importance, authority, þótti allt meira til hans koma, Fas. i. 16; hvart sem til hans kæmi meira eðr minna, Fms. xi. 76; sverð þat er til kom hálf mörk gulls, Ld. 32; svá fémikill at til kómu tuttugu merkr gulls, Fms. xi. 85; mér þykir lítið til hans koma, I think little of him:—koma saman, to come together, live together, marry, K. Á. 134: to agree, þat kom saman með þeim, they agreed on it, Dropl. 9, Gísl. 41; kom þat ásamt með þeim, id., Fb. i. 168; koma vel ásamt, to agree well, Nj. 25:—koma undir e-n, to come unto one, ef undir oss bræðr skal koma kjörit, if we are to choose, Nj. 192; öll lögmæt skil þau er undir mik koma á þessu þingi, 239: to depend on, það er mikit undir komið, at …, be of importance:—koma upp, to come up, break out; kom þá upp grátr fyrir henni, she burst into tears, Fms. ix. 477; er lúðrar kvæði við, ok herblástr kæmi upp, v. 74; er seiðlætin kómu upp, Ld. 152; eldr kom upp, fire came up, Ölk. 35, (hence elds-uppkoma, an upcome of fire, an eruption); ef nokkut kemr síðan sannara upp, Fms. vii. 121: þá kom þat upp at hann hafði beðit hennar, Eg. 587; kom þat upp af tali þeirra, at …, Fms. vii. 282; þat kom upp ( it ended so) at hverr skyldi vera vin annars, i. 58: to turn up, ek ætla mér góðan kost hvárn sem upp kemr, Eg. 715; mun nú hamingjan skipta hverr upp kemr, 418; at sakar görðisk eða upp kæmi, Grág. i. 27; skaut til Guðs sínu máli, ok bað hann láta þat upp koma er hann sæi at bazt gegni, Ó. H. 195, Stj. 385:—koma við, to touch, hit; sé eigi komið við, if it is not touched, Grág. ii. 65; komit var við hurðina, Fas. i. 30; at þeir skyldi koma við torfuna, Ld. 60; hefi ek aldrei svá reitt vápn at manni, at eigi hafi við komit, Nj. 185; hann kemr við margar sögur, he comes up, appears in many Sagas, Ld. 334; koma þeir allir við þessa sögu síðan, Nj. 30; sem ek kom við (as I mentioned, touched upon) í morgin, Fms. ii. 142; er mestr er, ok úskapligast komi við, Ld. 118: to fit, þat kemr lítt við, ‘tis not meet, it won’t do, Lv. 20; mun ek gefa þér tveggja dægra byr þann er bezt kemr við, Fas. iii. 619: koma við, to land, call; þeir vóru komnir við Ísland, Eg. 128; þeir kómu við Hernar, Nj. 4; þeir kómu suðr við Katanes, 127; þeir kómu við sker ( struck on a skerry) ok brutu stýri sín, Fms. ix. 164; hann hafði komit við hval, he had struck against a whale, Sturl. ii. 164; hence in mod. usage, koma við, to call, make a short stay, also on land: to be added to, tekr heldr at grána gamanit ok koma kveðlingar við, i. 21; koma þær nætr við inar fyrri, Rb. 58; þá koma enn ellefu nætr við, 22:—koma yfir, to overcome, pass over; íss er yfir kömr, Hm. 81; hvert kveld er yfir kom, Finnb. 230; hryggleikr kom yfir, 623. 57; at sá dagr myndi ekki yfir koma, Sks. 111.B. With the dat. of the object, to make to come, put, bring, carry; páfa þess, er Kristni (dat.) kom á England, who Christianised England, Íb. 14; koma mönnum til réttrar trúar, Fms. i. 146; koma orðum við e-n, to speak to a person; görðisk hann styggr svá at fáir menn máttu orðum við hann koma, i. e. that no one could come to words with him, Eg. 3; hann görði sik svá reiðan, at ekki mátti orðum við hann koma, Fms. i. 83, xi. 293; koma vélræðum við e-n, to plan against one, Eg. 49; koma flugu í munn e-m, Nj. 64, 68; þú skalt ekki láta í skorta at koma þeim í (málit) með þér, 271; hann skyldi koma Þór í Geirröðar-garða, make Thor come to G., Edda 60; hann kom Þorhaddi heilum yfir ána, he brought Th. safe across the river, Þorst. Síðu H. 181; koma kaupi, to bring about a bargain, Gþl. 415; koma e-m í hel, to put one to death, Anal. 233; koma e-m til falls, to make one fall, Edda 34; koma e-m í sætt, Fs. 9; mun ek koma þér í sætt við konung, Eg. 227; hann kom sér í mikla kærleika við jarlinn, Nj. 268; koma sér í þjónustu, Fs. 84; koma sér vel, to put oneself in favour, be engaging; ek hefi komit mér vel hjá meyjum, Kormak; þeir komu sér vel við alla, Fas. iii. 529, Fs. 96, Nj. 66; koma sér ílla, to make oneself hated; það kemr sér ílla, it is ill seen, unpleasant; as also, það kemr sér vel, a thing is agreeable, acceptable; koma e-u til leiðar, to effect, make, Nj. 250, Eb. 118; koma e-u til vegar, id., Ld. 320; koma tölu á, to put, count on, count, number, Anal. 217; koma friði, sættum á, to bring peace, agreement about: hann kom þeim á flótta, he put them to flight, Fms. vii. 235; tóku þar allt er þeir kómu höndum á, all they could catch, ix. 473; koma e-m ór eldi, Fb. i. 300; tók hann merkit ok kom því (put it, hid it) í millum klæða sinna, Nj. 274: Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, 115; allt þat er bitið var ok blóði kom út á, where it was bitten so as to make blood flow, Fms. vii. 187.II. with prepp.; koma e-u fram, to effect; koma fram ferð, máli, Nj. 102; til lítils þætti þat koma, en enginn kvæmi sínu máli fram þótt til alþingis væri stefnt, 149, Fb. ii. 90; þat skal aldri verða at hann komi þessu fram, Eg. 765; ef ek kem hefndum fram, Ld. 262; koma fram lögum við e-n. Eg. 722:—koma e-u á, to bring about, introduce:—koma e-u af, to abolish; þó fékk hann því ekki af komit, Bs. i. 165; koma e-u af sér, to get rid of, Fs. 96, Eb. 40, 41:—koma e-u fyrir, to arrange; koma e-m fyrir, to get a place for one; hann kom honum fyrir í skóla: to destroy (fyrir-koma), hann kom hverjum hesti fyrir, Glúm. 356:—koma e-u upp, to open; áðr ek kom henni upp, before I could open it, Fms. iii. 74; kerling tekr hörpuna ok vildi upp koma ( open), nú fær hón upp komit hörpunni, Fas. i. 233; hann mátti lengi eigi orði upp koma fyrir harmi, it was long before he could speak, utter a word, Fms. vi. 234; sá svarar er mátti máli upp koma, vii. 288:—koma e-m undir, to overthrow one, get one down; varð at kenna afls-munar áðr hann kæmi honum undir, Eb. 172:—koma e-m undan, to make one escape. Fms. vii. 265, 623. 18:—ek ætla at koma mér útan, I think to go abroad, Nj. 261:—koma e-u við, to bring about, effect, to be able to do; ek mun veita þér slíkt sem ek má mér við koma, as I can, Nj.; þú munt öðru koma við en gabba oss, Anal. 77; hann kom því við ( brought about) at engi skyldi fara með vápn, Fms. vii. 240; ef váttum kvæmi við, in a case where witnesses were at hand, Íb. 12; liðit flýði allt þat er því kom við, all that could fled, Eg. 529; Guðmundr hafði almanna-lof hversu hann kom sér við ( how he behaved) þessum málum, Nj. 251; komi þeir til er því koma við, who can, Gþl. 371; menn skyldi tala hljótt ef því kæmi við, Sturl. iii. 147; ef því kemr við, if it is possible, Gþl. 429; urðu þeir at flýja sem því kómu við, Fb. ii. 187; ekki mun oss þetta duga, at hann komi boganum við, Nj. 96.C. Reflex. komask, to come to the end, get through, reach, Lat. pervenire; the difference between the active and reflex. is seen from such phrases as, hann kemr ef hann kemst, he will come if he can; or, eg komst ekki á stað, I could not get off; eg komst ekki fyrir íllviðri, I could not come for bad weather; or, to come into a certain state, with the notion of chance, hap, komask í lífs háska, to come into danger of life; komask í skipreika, to be shipwrecked, and the like; Þorfinnr kom öngu hljóði í lúðrinn, ok komsk eigi upp blástrinn, Fms. ix. 30; komask á fætr, to get on one’s legs, Eg. 748; hann komsk við svá búit í ríki sitt, Hkr. i. 76; meina honum vötn eða veðr svá at hann má ekki komask til þess staðar, Grág. i. 496; hann komsk með sundi til lands, Eg. 261; kómusk sauðirnir upp á fjallit fyrir þeim, Nj. 27; ef Gunnarr færi eigi utan ok mætti hann komask, 111; ef maðr byrgir mann inni í húsi, svá at hann má eigi út komask, so that he cannot get out, Grág. ii. 110; en allt fólk flýði með allt lausa-fé er með fékk komisk, with all the property they could carry with them, Fms. i. 153; ek komumk vel annar-staðar út, þótt hér gangi eigi, Nj. 202; komask á milli manna, to get oneself among people, intrude oneself, 168; komsk hann í mestu kærleika við konung, Eg. 12; komask at orði, to come by a word, to express oneself; einsog hann að orði komsk, passim.II. with prepp.; komast á, to get into use; það komst á:—komask af, to get off, escape, save one’s life; hann bað menn duga svá at af kæmisk skipit, Fms. x. 98; tveir druknuðu, en hinir kómusk af:—komask at e-u, to get at a thing, procure; mörgum manns-öldrum síðarr komsk at bók þeirri Theodosius, Niðrst. 10; Hrani gat komisk at trúnaði margra ríkra manna, Fms. iv. 62; þú hefir at þessum peningum vel komisk, ‘tis money well gotten, i. 256; eigi skaltú ílla at komask, thou shall not get it unfairly, vii. 124:—komast eptir, to enquire into, get information of:—komask fyrir, to prevent, come in another’s way:—koma hjá e-u, to evade, pass by, escape doing:—komast til e-s, to come towards, and metaph. to have time for a thing, ek komst ekki til þess, I have no time; eg komst ekki til að fara:—komask undan, to escape; allt þat lið er undan komsk, Eg. 261; ekki manns barn komsk undan, Fms. xi. 387; komask undan á flótta, Eg. 11:—komask við, to be able; komusk þeir ekki í fyrstu við atlöguna, Fms. vii. 264; ef hann vill refsa údáða-mönnum, ok má þó við komask, N. G. L. i. 123; brenn allt ok bæl, sem þú mátt við komask, Fær. 64; ef ek viðr of kœmimk, Hbl. 33; þá er ek komumk við, Eg. 319; komask við veðri, to get abroad, Rd. 252; hann lét þat ekki við veðri komask, Fms. vii. 165: to be touched (við-kvæmni), hann komsk við mjök ok felldi tár, iii. 57; eða hann komisk við ( repent) ok hverfi aptr at íllsku sinni, Greg. 41; þá komsk mjök við inn válaði, svá at hann matti eigi lengi orði upp koma fyrir harmi, Fms. vi. 234; þá komsk hón við ákaflega mjök, Clem. 32; með við komnu hjarta, with a touched heart, Bs. i. 561, Karl. 166:—komask yfir e-t, to overcome, get hold of; er hann komsk yfir fét, Bárð. 175.D. Part. kominn, in special phrases; inn komni maðr, a new comer, stranger, Gullþ. 47; at kominn, arrived; hinn aðkomni maðr, a guest; at kominn, just come to, on the brink of; kominn at andláti, at dauða, to be at the last gasp; var at komit, at …, it was on the point of happening, that …, Str. 8; vóru þeir mjök at komnir ( much exhausted) svá magrir vóru þeir, Fas. iii. 571:—heill kominn, hail! Blas. 42; vel kominn, welcome! vertu vel kominn! ver með oss vel kominn, Þiðr. 319, Fs. 158; hann bað þá vera vel komna, passim; so also, það er vel komið, ‘it is welcome,’ i. e. with great pleasure, granting a favour:—placed, ertu maðr sannorðr ok kominn nær frétt, Nj. 175; Pétri var svá nær komit, P. was so closely pursued, Fms. ix. 48; ok nú eigi allfjarri yðr komit, xi. 123; svá vel er sá uppsát komin, at …, ix. 368: situated, hann (the hospital) er kominn á fjall upp, is situated on a fell, Symb. 18; útsker þat er komit af þjóðleið, Eg. 369: metaph., vel, ílla kominn, well placed, in good, bad estate; ek þykjumk hér vel kominn; hann var vel til náms kominn, he was in a good place for learning, Bs. i. 153; þat fé er ílla komit er fólgit er í jörðu, Grett. 39 new Ed.; mér þykkir son minn hvergi betr kominn, methinks my son is nowhere better off, in better hands, Fms. vi. 5; lítt ertú nú kominn, Njarð. 376; þykkjumk ek hér vel kominn með þér, Nj. 258:—kominn af, or frá e-m, come of, descended from, Landn., Eb., passim:—kominn á sik vel, in a good state, accomplished, Orkn. 202; hverjum manni betr á sik kominn, Ld. 110; kominn á sik manna bezt, Ísl. ii. 203: vera á legg kominn, to be grown up, Fms. xi. 186; vera svá aldrs kominn, to be of such an age, Fs. 4, 13, Sturl. iii. 100, Fms. xi. 56; hér er allvel á komit, it suits well enough, Bs. i. 531: hann sagði henni hvar þá var komit, how matters stood, Nj. 271, Fms. ii. 152; hann undi vel við þar sem komit var, as it stood, in statu quo, Nj. 22; Sveinn segir honum sem komit var þessu máli, Fms. ii. 159; at svá komnu, as matters stand, Bs. i. 317; málum várum er komit í únýtt efni, Nj. 164, 190:—vera kominn til e-s, to be entitled to, have due to one; ef hann fengi þat er hann var eigi til kominn, Fms. x. 7; þeir er til einskis eru komnir, ix. 248; fá þeir margir af yðr sæmd mikla er til minna eru komnir, en hann, Eg. 111; þeim til sæmdar er til þess er kominn, Sks. 311, rétt komnir til konungdóms, rétt kominn til Noregs, right heir to the kingdom, to Norway, Fms. ix. 332; lézk Sigvaldi nú kominn til ráða við Astríði, xi. 104: fit for, entitled to, hann þótti vel til kominn at vera konungr yfir Danmörk, i. 65: shapen, þetta mál er svá til komit, vii. 130; sagðisk hann eigi verr til manns kominn en Sturla bróðir hans, Sturl.; eigi þóttusk þeir til minna vera komnir fyrir ættar sakir, entitled to less, Eb. 17.II. part. pres. komandi, a new comer, stranger, Fbr. 168, Stj. 525: one to come, future generations, verandum ok viðr-komendum, N. G. L. i. 121; allir menn verandi ok eptir-komandi, D. I. i. 3; komendr, pl. guests, comers. -
20 Sorge
f; -, -n1. (Besorgnis) worry, concern (um over, about); (Angst) fear(s Pl.) (for, about); etw. mit Sorge betrachten regard s.th. with concern; Sorgen worries, problems; Kummer und Sorgen worries and problems; finanzielle Sorgen financial worries, money problems; jemandem Sorgen machen (beunruhigen) worry s.o.; (Probleme bereiten) cause s.o. trouble; sich (Dat) Sorgen machen be worried (um about); du machst dir zu viele Sorgen you worry too much; ich hab mir schon Sorgen gemacht I was beginning to get worried; hoffentlich hast du dir keine Sorgen gemacht I hope you weren’t worried; vor Sorgen graue Haare bekommen go grey (Am. gray) with worry; er ist frei von Sorgen he hasn’t got any problems; die Sorge sind wir ( wenigstens) los that’s one problem less; ich komm aus den Sorgen nicht heraus it’s just one problem ( oder thing) after another; das ist meine geringste Sorge that’s the least of my worries; jemandem eine Sorge abnehmen take a problem off s.o.’s hands; seine Sorgen vergessen forget one’s problems; seine Sorgen in Alkohol ertränken drown one’s sorrows; keine Sorge! umg. don’t (you) worry; deine Sorgen möchte ich haben! iro. if that’s all you’ve got to worry about; du hast Sorgen! iro. you think you’ve got problems!, you call that problems?; kleine Kinder - kleine Sorgen, große Kinder - große Sorgen Sprichw. the bigger children get, the bigger the worries2. (Mühe, Fürsorge, auch JUR.) care (for); Sorge tragen für see to, take care of; dafür Sorge tragen, dass... see to it that..., make sure (that)...; lass das meine Sorge sein leave that to me; das ist deine Sorge umg. that’s your problem (hum. funeral); sorgen II* * *die Sorgefear; concern; problem; sorrow; worry; anxiety; trouble; care* * *Sọr|ge ['zɔrgə]f -, -n1) worry; (= Ärger) trouble; (= Kummer) care, worrykeine Sorge! (inf) — don't (you) worry!
Sorge haben, ob/dass... — to be worried whether/that...
mit ihm/damit haben wir nichts als Sorgen — we've had nothing but trouble with him/that
ich habe andere Sorgen, als... — I have other things to worry about than...
es macht mir Sorgen, dass... — it worries me that...
seien Sie ohne Sorge! (geh) — do not fear (liter) or worry
für etw Sorge tragen (geh) — to attend or see to sth, to take care of sth
dafür Sorge tragen, dass... (geh) — to see to it that...
2) (=Fürsorge AUCH JUR) care* * *die1) ((a cause for) worry: free from care; all the cares of the world.) care2) (anxiety: The condition of the patient is giving rise to concern.) concern3) ((a cause of) anxiety: That boy is a constant (source of) worry to his mother!; Try to forget your worries.) worry* * *Sor·ge<-, -n>[ˈzɔrgə]fdas ist meine geringste \Sorge that's the least of my worrieseine große \Sorge a serious worryjdn in \Sorge versetzen to worry sb\Sorgen haben to have problemsständig/nur/nichts als \Sorgen [mit jdm/etw] haben to have constant/nothing but trouble [with sb/sth]in \Sorge sein[, dass...] to be worried [that...]jdm \Sorgen machen [o bereiten] to cause sb a lot of worry, to worry sbes macht jdm \Sorgen, dass... it worries sb that...dass..., macht mir \Sorgen it worries me that..., [the fact] that... worries mewir haben uns solche \Sorgen gemacht! we were so worriedmachen Sie sich deswegen keine \Sorgen! don't worry about thatmit \Sorge with concerndu hast/ihr habt \Sorgen!, \Sorgen hast du/habt ihr! (iron fam) you call that worries [or problems]? fam or iron, you think you've got troubles [or problems]! iron fam[keine] \Sorge haben, dass/ob/wie... [not] to be worried that/as to whether/as to how...lassen Sie das meine \Sorge sein! let me worry about thatdafür \Sorge tragen, dass... (geh) to see to it [or to ensure] that...keine \Sorge! (fam) don't [you] worryeine \Sorge weniger one less thing to worry aboutdiese \Sorge bist du los! you're rid of that worrydie elterliche \Sorge ausüben to exercise parental care and custody* * *die; Sorge, Sorgen1) o. Pl. (Unruhe, Angst) worrykeine Sorge — don't [you] worry
in Sorge um jemanden/etwas sein — be worried about somebody/something
2) (sorgenvoller Gedanke) worry3) o. Pl. (Mühe, Fürsorge) careich werde dafür Sorge tragen, dass... — I will see to it or make sure that...
* * *1. (Besorgnis) worry, concern (etwas mit Sorge betrachten regard sth with concern;Sorgen worries, problems;Kummer und Sorgen worries and problems;finanzielle Sorgen financial worries, money problems;sich (dat)Sorgen machen be worried (um about);du machst dir zu viele Sorgen you worry too much;ich hab mir schon Sorgen gemacht I was beginning to get worried;hoffentlich hast du dir keine Sorgen gemacht I hope you weren’t worried;vor Sorgen graue Haare bekommen go grey (US gray) with worry;er ist frei von Sorgen he hasn’t got any problems;die Sorge sind wir (wenigstens) los that’s one problem less;ich komm aus den Sorgen nicht heraus it’s just one problem ( oder thing) after another;das ist meine geringste Sorge that’s the least of my worries;jemandem eine Sorge abnehmen take a problem off sb’s hands;seine Sorgen vergessen forget one’s problems;seine Sorgen in Alkohol ertränken drown one’s sorrows;keine Sorge! umg don’t (you) worry;deine Sorgen möchte ich haben! iron if that’s all you’ve got to worry about;du hast Sorgen! iron you think you’ve got problems!, you call that problems?;kleine Kinder - kleine Sorgen, große Kinder - große Sorgen sprichw the bigger children get, the bigger the worries2. (Mühe, Fürsorge, auch JUR) care (for);Sorge tragen für see to, take care of;dafür Sorge tragen, dass … see to it that …, make sure (that) …;lass das meine Sorge sein leave that to me;* * *die; Sorge, Sorgen1) o. Pl. (Unruhe, Angst) worrykeine Sorge — don't [you] worry
in Sorge um jemanden/etwas sein — be worried about somebody/something
2) (sorgenvoller Gedanke) worry3) o. Pl. (Mühe, Fürsorge) careich werde dafür Sorge tragen, dass... — I will see to it or make sure that...
* * *-n (wegen, um) f.concern (at, about, for) n. -n f.alarm n.care n.problem n.sorrow n.trouble n.worry n.
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